Northern Telecom Limited

Tropic Networks Inc.

Sami A Aly

Ephraim Arnon

Robert William Brown

Terry Skemer

Andrew G Deczky

Babak Sayar

A method of transmitting interleaved real-time and non-real-time data on a packet based network so as to provide voice Quality of Service comparable to the Time Division Multiplexing realm of traditional telephony. The method reduces packet jitter and delay by employing separate queues for the different types of data as well as through the use of jitter buffers. The interleaving method consists of a number of discrete concepts and mechanisms that when used together in the manner disclosed herein provides consistent high-quality transmission of real-time data over packet/frame/cell-based networks. The elements required for this method include time-slot co-ordination, a dynamic MTU algorithm, and a Multiple queue egress traffic management system.

TDM-quality voice over packet

A receiver for a digital data transmission system comprises a sampling device for sampling digital data signals received from a subscriber loop. A precursor equalizer connected to the output of the sampling device equalizes, in effect filters, the sampled digital data signal. A timing recovery circuit connected to the output of the precursor equalizer controls the sampling device in dependence upon the filtered digital data signal. The precursor equalizer has a difference equation such that the equalized digital data signal has at least one zero-crossing occurring substantially one baud before the main cursor of each pulse. For twisted wire pair subscriber loops, the precursor equalizer may have a different equation: ##EQU1## which produces a single precursor zero-crossing. Alternatively, the precursor equalizer may have a difference equation: ##EQU2## which produces two precursor zero crossings, y(n) being the input to the filter, w(n) its output, h.sub.0 the main cursor height before equalization and h.sub.-1 the precursor height before equalization. The latter precursor equalizer may be modified by multiplying each of the coefficients (h.sub.-1 /h.sub.0).sup.2 and h.sub.-1 /h.sub.0 by a factor ##EQU3## for more precise determination of the zero crossings. A (1-Z.sup.-1) filter may be provided ahead of the precursor equalizer.

Equalizer for ISDN-U interface

In order to deal with echoes having exceptionally long tails, such as are generated by 2B1Q signals in ISDN systems, an echo canceller comprises a first echo cancelling means, conveniently a transversal filter, operative over a first number of baud periods, and filter means, conveniently an infinite impulse response filter, operative over a later number of baud periods. The filter means responds to each symbol of the transmitted signal to generate a pulse response which decays exponentially according to a predetermined function. The echo canceller further comprises means for subtracting the outputs of the first echo cancelling means and the filter means, respectively, from the received signal. The filter means may have more than one tap, enabling the exponential decay function to be adjusted to give a closer approximation to the shape of the echo tail.

Apparatus and method for echo cancellation

Apparatus for suppressing intersymbol interference and improving the signal-to-noise ratio in a digital line amplifier includes a filter with a fixed transfer function that couples equalized digital signals to a first differential input of a difference amplifier and substantially filters out high frequency random noise present in the signals to achieve signal-to-noise enhancement with consequent degradation of the signals by intersymbol interference. Subsequently, an output from the amplifier is sampled by a quantizer that produces a bit stream output of portions of the enhanced signals, excluding the intersymbol interference. Signals from the bit stream are then coupled to a fixed coefficient decision feedback equalizer having the same transfer function as the filter and are output therefrom as feedback signals to a second differential input of the amplifier such that the signals at both differential inputs are substantially equal in terms of intersymbol interference, thereby suppressing such interference in the amplifier output.

Apparatus and method for noise reduction in a digital line receiver

An AMI signals receiver generates a logic signal stream representative of AMI encoded information signals which have traversed a transmission medium. Adaptive compensation circuits are responsive to characteristics of the received AMI signals for generating a bipolar signal ideally corresponding to the transmitted AMI signal but in practice includes noise primarily caused by near-end crosstalk. An apparent improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio is achieved by generating a unipolar signal from instant and last amplitude samples of the bipolar signal and thereafter differentially decoding a binary signal representation of the unipolar signal.

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Kanata, Canada

Sami A Aly