Nec Corporation

Rigaku Corporation

Nippon Electric Co., Ltd.

Sadayuki Takahashi

Takeshi Inoue

Atsushi Ochi

Kazuaki Utsumi

Takeshi Yano

Masaru Kuribayashi

Osamu Ohnishi

Osamu Myohga

Tadao Uchikawa

Izumu Fukui

Eiichi Sato

Keiji Nakamura

Michihisa Suga

Mitsuo Tsuzuki

Masako Inagawa

Kunio Yamada

Masatomo Yonezawa

Jimpei Harada

Seiichi Hayashi

Naohisa Osaka

Takao Horiuchi

Satoru Tagami

Koichi Morimoto

Hideo Takamizawa

Takeshige Hamatsuki

Osamu Inui

Atsushi Hara

Sadayuki Ueha

Isao Kagaya

Apparatus for X-ray analysis has a combination of a rotating target X-ray tube and a composite monochromator. The composite monochromator has a first and a second elliptic monochromators joined with each other side by side. Each of the elliptic monochromators has a first focal point at which an X-ray focal spot on a target of the X-ray tube is disposed. Each of the elliptic monochromators has a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along an elliptic-arc. The shortest distance between the X-ray focal spot and the composite monochromator is set to 40 to 100 mm. Under the shortest distance condition, the effective focal spot size on the target is set to 40 to 100 micrometers to obtain the maximum X-ray intensity on a sample to be analyzed.

Apparatus for X-ray analysis and apparatus for supplying X-rays

An X-ray generator includes a cathode having an emitter made of carbon nanotubes which emits electrons by field emission and thus becomes a cold cathode electron emission source. In the invention using the carbon nanotubes, any one of the following three forms is adopted to control the tube current apart from the electron-focusing control. The first form is that a takeoff electrode is disposed near the cathode and the Wehnelt potential and the takeoff electrode potential are controlled independently. The second form is that an electron emission source is disposed behind the cathode and the electron emission source emits electrons which collide against the back of the cathode so that the cathode temperature is controlled in a range of the room temperature to about 100 degrees Celsius to regulate an amount of electron emission from the cathode. The third form is that the cathode has a heater so that the cathode temperature is controlled in a range of the room temperature to about 100 degrees Celsius to regulate an amount of electron emission from the cathode.

X-ray generator

A piezoelectric actuator is driven by continuously applying a pulse voltage or an AC voltage to a piezoelectric element, so as to cause the piezoelectric element to generate heat because of a dielectric loss of the piezoelectric element itself. If the temperature of the piezoelectric element reaches a temperature not less than 15.degree. C., moisture contained in atmosphere is effectively prevented from entering into a resin casing of the piezoelectric actuator enclosing therein the piezoelectric element. Otherwise, moisture condensation or sweating would occur on a surface of the piezoelectric element. Therefore, even if the piezoelectric actuator is used in atmosphere of high humidity, a discharge breakdown will not occur, and reliability is remarkably increased.

Method for driving piezoelectric actuator

An ultrasonic motor has a longitudinal-torsional composite transducer, a stator constituted by an ultrasonic vibrator sandwiching the transducer, and a rotor urged against the stator. The stator excites longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic vibrations to rotate the rotor by a frictional force. The motor includes a vibration adjusting rod for matching resonance frequencies of longitudinal and torsional ultrasonic vibrations of the stator with each other.

Ultrasonic motor and method of adjusting the same

This invention provides an ultrasonic motor using a bolt-tightened Langevin type torsional vibrator as a stator. The stator produces a vibrational energy to be converted into a rotational energy for a rotor contacted with the stator. The rotor is provided between a piezoelectric actuator and the torsional vibrator so that the contact state between the rotor and the torsional vibrator is controlled either one of loose contact and tight contact therebetween. According to the present invention, since the piezoelectric actuator is slidingly combined to the rotor, the rotation energy is not applied to the piezoelectric actuator and thus the life time of the actuator becomes long.

Ultrasonic motor

A method of manufacturing a ceramic electronic device includes the steps of: forming a pattern of a predetermined shape made of a photosensitive resin; forming an electrical circuit element on a ceramic green sheet; stacking and pressing the pattern, the ceramic green sheet having the electrical circuit element thereon, and at least one ceramic green sheet to prepare a laminated body; and sintering the laminated body. A ceramic electronic device integrally including a cavity and the electrical circuit element therein is manufactured by this method.

Method of manufacturing ceramic electronic device

A piezoelelectric transducer usable preferably as a high-frequency ultrasonic probe for diagnostic inspection and the process for preparation thereof are disclosed. The piezoelectric transducer comprises a piezoelectric material layer, a pair of electrode layers formed respectively on the opposite surfaces of said piezoelectric material layer and for applying electric load across the piezoelectric material layer to thereby generate acoustic oscillation or for measuring electric energy generated due to the acoustic oscillation of the piezoelectric material layer, and an acoustic matching section containing at least one quarter-wave matching layer and formed on one of the electrode layers. The acoustic matching section includes an elelctric conductive layer therein. The acoustic matching section is formed by electro deposition, preferably by the electro painting method or electrophoretic method. The ultrasonic probe can be prepared of a frequency band higher than 7.5 MHz, even higher than 10 MHz and provides a clear image of a shallow portion from the surface of an object to be inspected such as a human body.

Piezoelectric transducer and process for preparation thereof

In an electrostriction transducer comprising protection layers (21, 22) in which no electric fields are produced during operation, each of end electrostriction layers (41, 42) which are contiguous to the respective protection layers with pertinent ones of internal electrodes (16, 17) interposed, is given a thicker thickness (at) as compared with other or intermediate electrostriction layers (23) to make the transducer have a long life and a high reliability. The intermediate electrostriction layers may have a common thickness (t). Alternatively, the intermediate electrostriction layers may have monotonously decreasing thicknesses when placed nearer to a plane which bisects a pile (19) of the electrostriction layers parallel to both end surfaces of the pile. When a pair of holding members for the transducer are used on both longitudinal ends, each protection layer is preferably received in an indent formed in the holding member. Alternatively, it is preferred that each holding member should comprise a metal plate contiguous to the protection layer and a metal band surrounding parts of the metal plate and the protection layer.

Electrostriction transducer comprising electrostriction layers of

In a device of the type of an Inchworm Translator as called by Burleigh Instruments, Inc., N.Y., an electromechanical driver for a shaft of the device comprises a plurality of electrostrictive layers stacked longitudinally of the driver with internal electrodes interposed. Preferably, each gripper or clamper for the shaft is of a like structure and comprises a pair of external electrodes on an outer peripheral surface thereof. More preferably, the gripper comprises either an electrically insulating and abrasion resistive or an electrically insulating and vibration damping film which defines a cylindrical inner peripheral surface of the gripper. The film is preferably divided into a plurality of film portions. The electrostrictive layers are preferably of a composition of a formula of (1-x)Pb(Mg.sub.1/3 Nb.sub.2/3)O.sub.3.xPbTiO.sub.3 where x is about 0.35. The electrically insulating and abrasion resistive film may be of either a plastic or a ceramic material. The electrically insulating and vibration damping film may be of a ferrite composition having a logarithmic damping factor between 0.04 and 0.06.

Electromechanical translation device comprising an electrostrictive

A multilayer electrostrictive element has electrostrictive sections (31) defined by internal electrodes (32) in a stack, with a peripheral surface which has a predetermined outline perpendicularly of an axis of the stack, each internal electrode with an outline which is approximately congruent with the predetermined outline (constant cross-section). In order that external electrodes (33, 34) may readily be connected to the internal electrodes grouped by twos, each internal electrode may have a peripheral end which is partly recessed from the predetermined outline, as in FIG. 8. Alternatively, the internal electrodes of each group may be connected together by a conductor rod which passes through the electrostrictive sections, preferably along their edges, contacting alternate electrodes. For a great number of internal electrodes, an element may be manufactured by laminating conductive-paste-printed green sheets transversely of the stack axis and then sintering the lamination. Each internal electrode may include a ceramic material, such as an electrostrictive material of the electrostrictive sections, another electrostrictive material of a lower sintering temperature, or glass.

Multilayer electrostrictive element which withstands repeated

A thickness mode piezoelectric ceramic resonator is connected in series with a ceramic capacitor to form a piezoelectric ceramic resonator unit. When the ceramic capacitor has a capacitance Ca and the resonator is associated with a damped capacitor having a capacitance Co, these capacitances are related to each other by a relationship,

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Tokyo, Japan

Sadayuki Takahashi