The Standard Oil Company

Atlantic Richfield Company

Other

S Erik Pedersen

John Raymond Budge

Louis F Wagner

Harley F Hardman

James L Callahan

Thomas G Attig

Harry H Teng

Linda L Pfingsten

Wilfrid G Shaw

Christos Paparizos

Frederick A Pesa

Noel J Bremer

John G Frye

Ming N Sheng

Thomas A Haase

Diane G Farrington

Maleic acid, maleic anhydride or other hydrogenatable precursor are catalytically hydrogenated to 1,4-butanediol and tetrahydrofuran. It has been discovered that high yields of 1,4-butanediol are achieved when the hydrogenation catalyst comprises at least one noble metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table and at least one of rhenium, tungsten or molybdenum on a carbon support wherein the carbon support has been contacted with an oxidizing agent prior to the deposition of the metals. This hydrogenation catalyst is prepared by the steps of (i) oxidizing the carbon support by contacting the carbon support with an oxidizing agent, (ii) impregnating in one or more impregnation steps comprising contacting the carbon support with a source of Group VIII metal and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of rhenium, tungsten and molybdenum being in at least one solution, (iii) after each impregnation step, drying at a temperature under about 150.degree. C. the impregnated carbon support to remove solvent, (iv) heating the impregnated carbon support at a temperature of about 100.degree. C. to about 350.degree. C. under reducing conditions.

Catalysts for the hydrogenation of aqueous maleic acid to 1,4-butanediol

Maleic acid, maleic anhydride or other hydrogenatable precursor are catalytically hydrogenated to 1,4-butanediol and tetrahydrofuran. It has been discovered that high yields of 1,4-butanediol are achieved when the hydrogenation catalyst comprises palladium, silver and rhenium on a carbon support and is prepared by the steps of (i) impregnating a carbon support with a source of palladium, silver and rhenium, wherein the source of palladium, silver and rhenium is at least one solution, (ii) after each impregnation step, drying the impregnated carbon support to remove solvent, (iii) heating the impregnated carbon support at a temperature of about 120.degree. C. to about 350.degree. C. under reducing conditions. The palladium in the catalyst is present in the form of crystallites having a particle size of less than 10 nm.

Process for the hydrogenation of maleic acid to 1,4-butanediol

A process is provided for the oxydehydrogenation of saturated carboxylic acids or a lower alkyl ester thereof with oxygen in the presence of iron phosphorus oxide catalysts containing promoters selected from the group Ag, Al, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, In, Mn, Ni, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, Zn, Zr, rare earths and mixtures thereof.

Dehydrogenation of carboxylic acids with mixed metal phosphorus oxide

A continuous process for the preparation of tetrahydrofuran comprises, in a single-stage process, catalytically hydrogenating the solution which results when at least one of maleic anhydride or succinic anhydride is dissolved in a monohydric aliphatic alcohol in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst comprising the mixed oxides of copper, zinc and aluminum.

Hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to tetrahydrofuran

A process for the selective hydrocarboxylation of propylene to produce predominantly isobutyric acid in the liquid phase is provided. The reaction of propylene, carbon monoxide and water is effected at a temperature of about 10.degree. C. to about 80.degree. C. and at a pressure of about 75 psi to about 1500 psi in the presence of a strong acid and a metal phthalocyanine co-catalyst.

Strong acid hydrocarboxylation of propylene to isobutyric acid using

Disclosed is the vapor phase cyclodehydration of an aldehyde or ketone over a solid catalyst which comprises phosphoric acid on a solid inorganic oxide support to make indene or a substituted indene according to the equation: ##STR1##

Preparation of indenes

Disclosed is the dehydrocyclization of certain alkylaromatics to indene or a substituted indene by contacting certain alkylaromatics in admixture with H.sub.2 O with a sulfided metal oxide catalyst.

Indenes by catalytic dehydrocyclization

Disclosed is the vapor phase catalytic dehydrogenation of indanes to indenes over a Co--Mo oxide on alumina catalyst and in the presence of sulfur.

Indenes by catalytic dehydrogenation of indanes

A process is provided for the preparation of coated iron phosphorus oxide containing catalysts useful in the oxydehydrogenation of saturated carboxylic acids, wherein the catalysts are prepared by partially wetting a carrier or support in an aqueous silica solution/suspension, contacting the partially wet carrier with a powder of the iron phosphorus oxide catalyst, drying and calcining.

Oxidative dehydrogenation of carboxylic acids with mixed metal

A process is provided for the preparation of iron phosphorous mixed oxide catalysts which are highly active at moderate temperatures by introducing iron and phosphorus containing compounds and promoter element containing compounds, if any, into a substantially organic liquid medium, heating, separating the resulting precursor, drying and calcining. The catalysts are useful for the dehydrogenation or oxydehydrogenation of organic compounds such as aldehydes or carboxylic acids.

Iron-phosphorus mixed oxide catalysts and process for their preparation

Aldehydes, such as acetaldehyde, are oxidized to carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid, by contacting the aldehyde with oxygen at oxidative conditions in the presence of a catalyst of the empirical formula

Process for the production of carboxylic acids

A process is provided for the oxydehydrogenation of aldehydes such as isobutyraldehyde with oxygen in the presence of iron phosphorus oxide catalysts containing promoters selected from Ag, Al, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ge, In, Mn, Ni, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, Zn, Zr, rare earths and mixtures thereof.

Production of methacrolein from isobutyraldehyde utilizing promoted iron

Mixed metal phosphorus oxide coated catalysts for the oxidative

Isobutyraldehyde is oxidized to methacrylic acid by contacting gaseous isobutyraldehyde with molecular oxygen at oxidative conditions in the presence of a catalyst of the empirical formula:

Process for the production of methacrylic acid from isobutyraldehyde

A process for the preparation of maleic anhydride in high yield and selectivity which comprises partially oxidizing an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon selected from 1-butene, 2-butene and 1,3-butadiene or mixtures thereof in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a single phase vanadium(IV)bis(metaphosphate) catalyst having the formula VO(PO.sub.3).sub.2. Preferably the reaction is carried out in the presence of steam to enhance the selectivity to maleic anhydride.

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Mentor, OH, United States of America

S Erik Pedersen