Nec Corporation

Rigaku Corporation

Ryoichi Yokoyama

Jimpei Harada

A novel method and novel apparatus that are capable of selecting, with a computer, reference Bragg reflections pc1 and pc2, which form a basis for determination of the crystallographic orientation of a crystal sample by the two-reflection method, automatically and easily and accurately, wherein; firstly, x-ray intensities and diffraction conditions of all Bragg reflections which are measurable are calculated using the crystallographic information, secondly, a weight-point according to both the x-ray intensity and the angle between the sample normal and the scattering vector is obtained for each of the Bragg reflections, thirdly, two Bragg reflections having the two largest weight-points are selected as the reference Bragg reflections pc1 and pc2, respectively.

Method and apparatus of automatically selecting bragg reflections, method and system of automatically determining crystallographic orientation

An FM noise reduction circuit including a level detection circuit receiving an intermediate frequency signal. The level detection circuit rectifies the intermediate frequency signal, and outputs a rectified intermediate frequency signal. A first frequency filter passes the rectified intermediate frequency signal in a first frequency range, and outputs a first voltage responsive to the portion of the rectified intermediate frequency signal passed in the first frequency range. A first interference signal detection circuit includes a second frequency filter. The second frequency filter passes the rectified intermediate frequency signal in a second frequency range and outputs a second voltage responsive to the portion of the rectified intermediate frequency signal passed in the second frequency range. The second interference signal detection circuit includes a third frequency filter. The third frequency filter passing the rectified intermediate frequency signal in a third frequency range, and outputs a third voltage responsive to the portion of the rectified intermediate frequency signal passed in the third frequency range. The first, second, and third frequency ranges are different. A control circuit controls muting, high frequency components, and blending of a demodulated audio output responsive to the first, second, and third voltages, to reduce FM noise.

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Tokyo, Japan

Ryoichi Yokoyama