Ricoh Company, Ltd.

Ryohta Takahashi

Hidetoshi Kami

Akihiro Sugino

Keisuke Shimoyama

Tetsuro Suzuki

Eiji Kurimoto

Tomoharu Asano

Toshihiro Ishida

Hiroki Orii

An image forming method includes forming an image with a toner using a photoconductor in which an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer including a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer are formed overlying an electroconductive substrate, wherein the ionization potential of the surface of the photoconductor and the ionization potential of the surface of the toner satisfy the following relations 1 and 2,|(the surface of the photoconductor)&#x2212;(the surface of the toner)|&#x2264;5.53 (eV)&#x2003;&#x2003; Relation 15.45 (eV)&#x2264;(the surface of the photoconductor)&#x2264;5.53 (eV)&#x2003;&#x2003; Relation 2where Ip (the surface of the photoconductor) represents the ionization potential of the surface of the photoconductor and Ip (the surface of the toner) represents the ionization potential of the surface of the toner.

Image forming method, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

Provided is an image forming apparatus including an image bearer capable of bearing a toner image, where a latent image is formed on the image bearer, a developing unit configured to develop the latent image formed on the image bearer with a toner, and a cleaning unit including a blade-shaped elastic body, where the elastic body is brought into contact with a surface of the image bearer, wherein a friction coefficient Ft/Fn between the image bearer and the elastic body is 0.85 or greater but 1.1 or less, and self-excited vibration WRFt(LMH) of shear force of the elastic body in a LMH band is 1.5 gf or greater but 3.5 gf or less.

Image forming apparatus

An image forming method includes forming an image with a toner using a photoconductor in which an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer including a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer are formed overlying an electroconductive substrate,

A photoconductor is provided. The photoconductor includes a support, an undercoat layer overlying the support, and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a binder resin and a zinc oxide particle. The photosensitive layer includes a compound represented by the following formula (1): where each of Rand Rindependently represents an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

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Shizuoka, Japan

Ryohta Takahashi