The United States of America As Represented by the Secretary of

Ruth R Benerito

Truman L Ward

Dorothy M Perrier

Jacques J Hebert

Timothy A Calamari, Jr

Lawrence Y Yatsu

Ralph J Berni

Mary W Pilkington

Marilyn M Smith

Richard H Steele

Novel cellulosic fiber with improved resistance to abrasion and increased permeability to chemicals characterized by highly stable crystalline cellulose III and cellulose IV forms is disclosed. Cellulose selected from either fiber, yarn, fabric, cotton, or mercerized cotton is treated with ammonia vapors at from about ambient to 140.degree. C. and from about 100 psi to 1700 psi for sufficient time to alter the interatomic planar distances and produce stable crystalline cellulose III polymorph. Crystalline cellulose III can also be immersed in ethylenediamine and then boiled in dimethylformamide to completely convert the III to cellulose IV.

Stable crystalline cellulose III polymorphs

Novel cellulosic fiber with improved resistance to abrasion and increased permeability to chemicals characterized by highly stable crystalline cellulose III and cellulose IV forms is disclosed. Cellulose is selected from either fiber, yarn, fabric, cotton, or mercerized cotton treated with ammonia vapors at from about ambient to 140.degree. C. and from about 100 psi to 1700 psi for sufficient time to alter the interatomic planar distances and produce stable crystalline cellulose III polymorph. Crystalline cellulose III can also be immersed in ethylenediamine and then boiled in dimethylformamide to completely convert the III to cellulose IV.

This invention relates to a process for converting cellulose to amino acids by radiofrequency plasma of nitrogen and hydrogen gases. Cellulose is placed between the electrodes in a radiofrequency plasma reaction chamber which is sealed and maintained at a reduced pressure. Hydrogen and nitrogen mixture is bled through the chamber and sufficient radiofrequency electric current applied until the cellulose is consumed, thereby producing a mixture of amino acids. The cellulose can be either cotton or wood derivatives.

Process for conversion of cellulose to amino acids by radiofrequency

A process for producing a polymeric-type film in the surface of cellulosic fibers is disclosed. Cellulosic fibers are irradiated in the colored area of a radiofrequency plasma of ammonia for a period of about 10 minutes to 2 hours in a reactor designed to admit ammonia between electrodes at a rate such that all of the ammonia molecules have been activated to plasma. A polymer coating is formed in the surface of the cellulosic fibers that is alkali resistant, water-repellent and improves the wrinkle recovery of the fabrics.

New surface in cellulosic fibers by use of radiofrequency plasma of

Cotton and cotton-blended fabrics are impregnated with an emulsion containing an N-methylolated urea resin, a Lewis-acid catalyst, an emulsifying agent, and softener in a water-chlorinated solvent formulation to impart improved durable press properties.

Emulsion systems for imparting durable press properties to cotton and

Stable oil and water emulsions, prepared such that a water-soluble phosphorus monomer, a melamine-formaldehyde resin, and an emulsifier of high HLB value are in the water phase while an oil soluble halogenated phosphate and emulsifier of low HLB value are in a chlorinated solvent, can be used to impart durable-to-laundering flame retardancy to both cotton and cotton-polyester textiles provided the HLB value of the final emulsion is greater than 9 and not over 15.1.

Process for imparting durable flame-retardancy to cotton-polyester

Certain chemically modified cotton fabrics have been treated with vapors of glycidol at reduced pressures in a heated chamber to impart improved wet and dry wrinkle recovery characteristics.

Process for imparting wrinkle recovery to cotton fabrics with vapors

Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Cotton, prepared so that the tertiary amine nitrogens have unshared electrons and are thus in the Lewis-base form, is reacted with an alcoholic solution of an alpha-omega dihaloalkane to quaternize amino groups. The fabric produced by this process is crosslinked between tertiary amine nitrogen groups in cellulose and every alkylene group introduced is connected to two quaternary ammonium ions. The products of this process have strong base anion exchange properties and fabrics of high nitrogen content are imparted both wet and dry crease resistance.

Diquaternary ammonium cellulosic fabrics with wrinkle resistant

Glasslike materials have been produced by heating plumbite-treated cellulosics in a limited oxygen atmosphere while in contact with a glass or ceramic surface. Cotton-lace, knits, and other designs of cellulosic materials can be applied to glass or ceramic surfaces by process of this invention. Glass or ceramic materials have been joined together to form a strong bond by placing a piece of the plumbite-treated cellulosic material between the glasses and heating the assembly in a limited oxygen atmosphere. Etching of glass has also been achieved by process of this invention.

Glassy materials from plumbites and cellulosics

Strong base quaternary ammonium cellulose derivatives prepared under anhydrous conditions are further chemically modified in selected organic solvents by a sequential process that produces a partial cellulose ether in fibrous form that can be used in electro-chemical reactions covering a range of oxidation-reduction potentials. These new derivatives can be prepared such that they stabilize a given anion in the cellulose matrix until such time as its oxidation or reduction power is needed in desired chemical reactions. Although prepared in nonaqueous media, these red-ox cellulosic anion exchangers can be used to regulate oxidation-reduction reactions in aqueous media. Some of these new red-ox anion exchangers are dispersible in water and can be reprecipitated by organic solvents without losing their red-ox abilities during the process. Others are water insoluble. Thus these red-ox cellulosic exchangers can be tailor made to specific end uses such as for applications in separation of biochemical or organic mixtures, the identification of reducible or oxidizable chemicals, purification of polluted liquids by oxidation or reduction of contaminants.

Preparation of stable strong base cellulosic anion exchangers with

Method of forming glassy materials from plumbites and cellulosics

Process for etching glass or ceramic surface

Partially carboxymethylated-cotton fabric prepared by a non-aqueous procedure is reacted with either ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate in a heated, evacuated oven. The product of either reaction is a fabric with high conditioned and high wet wrinkle recovery.

Carboxymethylated cotton fabric with improved conditioned and wet

Partially Aminoethylated cotton fabric is reacted with either propylene carbonate (4-methyl 1,3 dioxol-2-one) or ethylene carbonate (1,3 dioxol-2-one) with potassium carbonate as catalyst. Reaction is carrid out in a heated vacuum oven. The resultant product has urethane crosslinks and improved wrinkle recovery properties.

Formation of urethane crosslinks in cellulose ethers incorporating amine

Cellulosic fabric is reacted with a mixture of diethylene glycol, dibasic acid, and either ethylene carbonate (1,3 dioxol-2-one) or propylene carbonate (4-methyl 1,3 dioxol-2-one) in a heated evacuated oven. The resultant product has polyester linear grafts and crosslinks and improved resistance to wrinkling.

Growing community of inventors

New Orleans, LA, United States of America

Ruth R Benerito