Ionics, Inc.

Ionics, Incorported

Russell B Hodgdon

Samuel S Alexander

Russell James MacDonald

Emery J Richard

Theodore G Papastavros

Michael D Benedict

Vincent Cioffi

Samuel A Alexander

Winslow F Tinkham

Warren A Waite

Russel J MacDonald

Improved nanofiltration apparatus and processes utilizing thin film composite asymmetric nanofiltration membranes in which the thin film semi-permeable barrier layer consists of substantially 'all aliphatic' polymer(s) prepared, for example, by the interfacial polymerization of one or more aliphatic monomers having two or more substituents selected from the group consisting of primary and secondary amine substitutents with one or more aliphatic monomers having two or more acid halide substituents. The monomers are linked together in the thin film substantially exclusively by amide linkages.

Nanofiltration apparatus and processes

It has been discovered (Examples 4, 11 and 17) that certain desirable films will not absorb a sufficient amount of certain desirable, polymerizable monomers as to result in interpolymer membranes having desirable ion exchange properties after polymerization of any absorbed such monomers and after any subsequent conversion of such absorbed and polymerized monomers into ionizable moieties. It has also been discovered that if a predetermined amount of plasticizer, extractable by such monomers, is incorporated into such films, then the latter will absorb a sufficient amount of such monomers as to result (after polymerization of such monomers) in interpolymer membranes having desirable ion exchange properties. Examples of preferred monomers include the polar (meth) acryloxy and (meth) acrylamido monomers 2-(methacryloxy) ethane sulfonic acid, 2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, N-(2-methacryloxy ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl amine, N-(3-methacrylamido-propyl)-N,N-dialkyl-N-methyl ammonium halides and N-(2-methacryloxy ethyl)-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium chloride. Such monomers may be mixed with a minor amount of crosslinking monomer such as divinyl benzene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and trimethylol propane trimethacrylate. Preferably any amine moieties in the resulting interpolymer membranes are converted to quaternary ammonium groups.

High ionic conductance ion exchange membranes and their preparation

A water or alcohol-water soluble divinyl monomer having anion exchange group(s) and a free exchangable anion is disclosed. These bifunctional divinyl monomers are capable of forming ion exchange materials (membranes and ion exchange resin beads) upon polymerization with added vinyl catalysts which convert them into insoluble and infusible polymers. They are also capable of being co-polymerized with other ion exchange (ion containing) monomers to give unique anion exchange resins or membranes.

High ion exchange capacity polyelectrolytes having high crosslink

This invention pertains to processes for manufacturing in an environmentally friendly way, continuous, supported ion exchange membranes from (I) liquids containing vinyl and related monomeric electrolytes and high boiling solvents therefor, said solvents also being swelling agents for said membranes; and (II) an indefinitely long, foraminous substrate and to the products of such processes.

Process for manufacturing continuous supported ion selective membranes

Process for manufacturing supported, solid, polymeric sheets from: (I) liquids containing components reactable to polymers; and (II) one or more indefinitely long, foraminous substrates. A more or less continuous sandwich is formed of such substrate(s) and, faced on each side of the substrates as a group, film extending beyond the lateral edges of the substrate(s), the plane of the sandwich deviating from vertical by not more than about 45 degrees.

Process for manufacturing continuous, supported polymeric sheet from

A thin film composite (TPC) ultrafilter/hyperfilter water softening membrane on a microporous substrate is produced by an interfacial polymerization reaction between (1) an aqueous phase comprising a blend of water soluble and water dispersible compounds, the former containing piperazine and polyamines, the latter using a chlorine or other oxidant reacting compound which protects the resulting membrane from damage by any chlorine present and (2) an organic phase comprising polyfunctional agents capable of reacting and/or polmerizing with one or more of the ingredients of said aqueous phase.

Polyamine-polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane for water softening

Processes for manufacturing in an environmentally friendly way, continuous, supported ion exchange membranes from (I) liquids containing vinyl and related monomeric electrolytes and high boiling solvents, the solvents also being swelling agents for the membranes; and (II) an indefinitely long, foraminous substrate.

Ion exchange membranes of the all-aliphatic structural variety, are made from plastisol films of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and its copolymers coupled through the nitrogen atom with an aliphatic vinyl monomer containing a tertiary nitrogen atom or a polymer or copolymer of such a monomer such membrane subsequently, quaternized with an alkyl halide.

Aliphatic anion exchange polymeric membranes having improved resistance

A water or alcohol-water soluble divinyl monomer having anion exchange group(s) and a free exchangeable anion is disclosed. These bifunctional divinyl monomers are capable of forming ion exchange materials (membranes and ion exchange resin beads) upon polymerization with added vinyl catalysts which convert them into insoluble and infusible polymers. They are also capable of being co-polymerized with other ion exchange (ion containing) monomers to give unique anion exchange resins or membranes.

This invention pertains to processes and apparatus for manufacturing supported, solid, polymeric sheets from: (I) liquids containing components reactable to polymers; and (II) one or more indefinitely long, foraminous substrates. A more or less continuous sandwich is formed of such substrate(s) and, faced on each side of the substrates as a group, film extending beyond the lateral edges of the substrate(s), the plane of the sandwich deviating from vertical by not more than about 45 degrees.

Apparatus for manufacturing continuous, supported polymeric sheets from

Improved bipolar membranes comprised of two laminates, one a long term base stable thermoset anion exchange membrane and the other a strongly solvent bonded (solvent cast) thermoplastic water insoluble cation exchange membrane. The membranes have a useful level of acid and base efficiencies at low water splitting voltages, along with high current densities.

Novel bipolar membranes and process of manufacture

This invention is directed to electrodialysis, electrochemical membrane cells and particularly to components comprising the ion-exchange membranes. These membranes are fabricated containing a reinforcing structure comprised of non-woven carbon fibers derived for example from carbonized polyacrylonitrile. The membranes so produced have a low D.C. electrical resistance (increased conductivity) which enables electrodialysis to be performed more economically.

Ion-exchange membranes reinforced with non-woven carbon fibers

Base stable aliphatic anion exchangers are produced by reacting a water soluble methacrylate ester quaternary amine monomer with a non-water soluble glycol dimethacrylate ester cross-linking monomer.

Synthesis of base-stable aliphatic anion exchange polymers

This invention relates to cross-linked copolymers of methacrylate esters containing ionogenic functional groups capable of being converted into high efficiency electro-dialysis membranes. Such totally aliphatic polymer membranes have been found to give electrical resistances which can be as low as one half that of membranes previously synthesized as well as higher interstitial molality. This reduced resistance, in concert with a high degree of chemical and physical stability enables water desalination by electrodialysis to be performed over longer periods of useful membrane life and at a lower expenditure of electrical energy per thousand gallons of water desalted.

Electrodialysis membranes of high interstitial molality based upon

The invention related to a heterogeneous cation exchange membrane comprised of particles of sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide polyelectrolyte in a fluorocarbon polymeric binder and to the method of making the same.

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Sudbury, MA, United States of America

Russell B Hodgdon