Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.

Ruijia Wang

Yao Ge

Xiang Wu

Chung Lung Chang

Jing Jin

Baichun Sun

Jiajun Zhao

Ho Yin Ma

Brenno Caetano Troca Cabella

Richard Timothy Coates

Wei-Bin Ewe

Kristoffer Thomas Walker

Brian Edward Hornby

John Philip Granville

Gary Wayne Kainer

Qingtao Sun

Joonshik Kim

Pablo Vieira Rego

Brenda Sue Jonathan

Marco Aurelio Luzio

Glenn Andrew Wilson

Baris Guner

Arthur Cheng

Mark Vincent Collins

Yi Yang Ang

Wei Li

Philip William Tracadas

Yadong Wang

Jichun Sun

João Vicente Gonçalves Rocha

Federico Combis Lucas

Jonathan Brenda Sue

Waves from cement bond logging with a sonic logging-while-drilling tool (LWD-CBL) are often contaminated with tool waves and may yield biased CBL amplitudes. The disclosed LWD-CBL wave processing corrects the first echo amplitudes of LWD-CBL before calculating the BI. The LWD-CBL wave processing calculates a tool wave amplitude and a phase angle difference as the difference of the phases between the tool waves and casing waves. The tool waves are then used to correct the LWD-CBL casing wave amplitude and remove errors introduced from tool waves. In conjunction with the sets of operations described, the LWD-CBL wave processing also include array preprocessing operations. Array preprocessing may employ variation of bandpass filtering and frequency-wavenumber (F-K) filtering operations to suppress tool wave.

Cement bonding evaluation with a sonic-logging-while-drilling tool

Methods and systems for removing tool mode waveforms. The method may include disposing a bottom hole assembly (BHA) into a wellbore. The BHA may comprise at least one transmitter configured to transmit a pressure pulse and at least one receiver configured to record one or more waveforms. The method may further comprise performing a logging-while-drilling (LWD) operation in which the one or more waveforms are recorded with the at least one receiver, transmitting the one or more waveforms to an information handling system, removing one or more tool mode waveforms from the one or more waveforms to form an updated set of waveforms, and forming differential phase time semblance map based at least in part on the updated set of waveforms. The system may comprise the BHA and information handling system configured to remove one or more tool mode waveforms.

Real-time tool mode waveform removal

A borehole sonic logging tool and method for imaging. The borehole sonic logging tool may comprise a transmitter configured to transmit a sonic waveform into a formation, wherein the transmitter is a dipole, and a receiver configured to record a reflected wave as waveform data, wherein the receiver is a quadrupole. A method may comprise disposing a downhole tool into a borehole, selecting a frequency range for the transmitter to a horizontally-polarized shear formation body wave, broadcasting the sonic waveform as the horizontally-polarized shear formation body wave into the formation penetrated by the borehole with the transmitter, recording a reflected wave on the receiver as waveform data, wherein the reflected wave is the horizontally-polarized shear formation body wave reflected from a reflector, and processing the waveform data with an information handling system.

Single-well reflected horizontal shear wave imaging with mixed types of transmitters and receivers

An acoustic transducer includes a substrate element having a first side, and a second side opposite the first side. The acoustic transducer also includes first and second piezoelectric elements coupled to the first side, and third and fourth piezoelectric elements coupled to the second side. The first piezoelectric element has a first polarity, and the second piezoelectric element has a second polarity different than the first polarity. The third piezoelectric element has a third polarity, and the fourth piezoelectric element has a fourth polarity different than the third polarity.

Acoustic transducer with piezoelectric elements having different polarities

A method for identifying guided waves in a measurement set. The method may comprise disposing an acoustic logging tool into a wellbore, performing a measurement operation with the acoustic logging too in the wellbore to form a data set which comprises one or more guided waves, measuring a speed of the one or more guided waves, and identifying a fluid phase interface using the speed of the one or more guided waves. The method may further comprise estimating an acoustic velocity of a wellbore fluid using a database and interpreting the fluid phase based at least in part on the acoustic velocity of the wellbore fluid.

Fluid phase discrimination and acoustic velocity estimation by measuring guided-wave speed

The present disclosure relates to determining a location of a noise source where the location includes azimuth information and determining cement-bond integrity. A downhole tool disposed in a borehole may comprise one or more receivers (such as a monopole receiver and any one or more of one or more multi-pole receivers) and in certain embodiments one or more transmitters that fire one or more shots may provide azimuthal estimate of the location of a noise source, a location of a leak in one or more layers of a casing, cement-bond integrity any combination thereof based, at least in part, on one or more measurements or data for received signals at any one or more receivers. Accurate and efficient identification of a leak or integrity of a cement-bond reduces overall inefficiencies and costs associated with a downhole operation.

Azimuthal scanning of a wellbore for determination of a cement-bond condition and for detecting/locating a leak source

A method comprising: conveying a downhole tool in a tubing that is positioned in a casing that is positioned to form an annulus between the casing and a wall of a wellbore formed in a subsurface formation, wherein a cement with unknown bonding condition exists in the annulus, wherein the downhole tool includes at least one transmitter and a receiver array physically positioned in different azimuthal directions; emitting, from the at least one transmitter, a first and second acoustic transmissions in a first and second azimuthal directions; detecting, by the receiver array, a first acoustic response and a second acoustic response that is derived from the first and second acoustic transmissions, wherein the second azimuthal direction is orthogonal to the first azimuthal direction; determining a dipole wellbore resonance based on the first and acoustic responses; and evaluating a property of the cement based on the dipole wellbore resonance.

Multi-pole resonance based through tubing cement evaluation

A method comprises conveying a downhole tool in a production tubing within a casing that is around a wall of a wellbore formed in a subsurface formation, wherein cement is placed in an annulus defined between the casing and the wall of the wellbore. The downhole tool includes at least one unipole receiver and at least one of a unipole and a monopole transmitter. The transmitter and receiver are mounted on a rotatable portion of the downhole tool. The method includes performing the following operations at at least two azimuthal positions, emitting an acoustic transmission outward toward the cement and detecting an acoustic response that is in response to the acoustic transmission propagating through the production tubing and the casing and into the cement. The acoustic response includes casing extensional waves, casing non-extensional waves, and tubing waves. The method includes evaluating the cement based on the casing extensional waves.

Through tubing cement evaluation based on casing extensional waves

The disclosure presents processes to determine the direction and magnitude of tubing eccentricity along the length of a tube inserted within a borehole. The tubing can be a wireline, a drill string, a drill pipe, or tubing capable of allowing fluid or other material to flow through it. As borehole operations proceed, the tubing can move toward the side of the borehole. This eccentricity can cause excess wear and tear on the tubing, on the casing of the borehole, or on the inner surface of the subterranean formation. The eccentricity can be measured using acoustic signals that are collected downhole covering the azimuthal angles 0° to 360° at a location in the borehole. The collected signals can be filtered, transformed, and analyzed to estimate the tubing eccentricity. Other processes and systems can use the results to obtain cement bond evaluations through tubing and to determine preventative or restorative actions.

Tubing eccentricity evaluation using acoustic signals

Methods to estimate formation slowness from multi-borehole modes and multi-mode dispersion estimation systems are presented. The method includes obtaining waveform data of a plurality of waves traversing through a downhole formation, wherein each wave of the plurality of waves has a different threshold cutoff frequency, and performing a multimode dispersion analysis of the waveform data to generate a semblance map of the wave comprising the plurality of waves. The method also includes obtaining a slowness dispersion of a wave of the plurality of waves, and determining a formation type of the wave based on one or more properties of the plurality of waves. The method further includes determining an initial body wave slowness estimate of the wave, generating a modeling of the wave, and reducing a mismatch between the modeling of the wave and the slowness dispersion of the wave to improve the modeling of the wave.

Methods to estimate formation slowness from multi-borehole modes and of a multi-mode dispersion wave and multi-mode dispersion estimation systems

Aspects of the subject technology relate to systems and methods for identifying the quality of cement bonding of an exterior surface of a wellbore casing to an Earth formation. Methods of the present disclosure may allow for bond indexes to be identified in real-time as a cementing operation is performed even when tools that perform the cementing operation generate acoustic noise that interfere with measurements used to evaluate cement bonding quality. These methods may include transmitting acoustic signals, receiving acoustic signals, filtering the received acoustic signals, identifying magnitude and attenuation values to associate with the received acoustic signals, and comparing trends in the magnitudes with the identified attenuation values. These methods may also include correcting attenuation values associated with measured data based on a set of correction rules such that bond indexes can be identified. Such correction rules may be associated with data generated by a computer model.

Real-time cement bond logging based on correlation

In some embodiments, a method includes conveying a downhole tool in a tubing, positioned in a casing which forms an annulus between the casing and a wellbore formed in a subsurface formation, the downhole tool having a rotatable transmitter and a receiver array. The method includes performing the following until an acoustic transmission has been emitted for each of a number of defined azimuthal positions: rotating the rotatable transmitter to one of the number of defined azimuthal positions, emitting the acoustic transmission, and detecting, by the receiver array and without rotation of the downhole tool beyond a rotation threshold, an acoustic response of a number of acoustic responses that is derived from the acoustic transmission. The method further includes computationally rotating, by a processor and after detecting, data of each of the number of acoustic responses in a pre-determined direction to generate a computationally rotated multipole response.

Through tubing cement evaluation based on rotatable transmitter and computational rotated responses

A Transducer in a downhole environment with an increased amplitude of the transducer output at lower frequencies. A transducer may include a bender bar, wherein the bender bar may include a first piezoelectric layer disposed on one surface of the bender bar, a second piezoelectric layer disposed on the opposite surface of the bender bar, and a metallic substrate disposed between the first piezoelectric layer and the second piezoelectric layer. The transducer may further include a first fixed end is attached to the bender bar and connects the bender bar to a base, a second fixed end opposite the first fixed end that attaches the bender bar to the base, and a compartment disposed within the base.

Air layer for improved performance of transducer at low frequencies

A method and system for identifying bonding between a material and tubing. The method may include disposing an acoustic logging tool in a wellbore, wherein the acoustic logging tool comprises a transmitter, a receiver, or a transceiver, broadcasting a shaped signal with the transmitter such that the shaped signal interacts with a boundary of a casing and a material and recording a result signal from the boundary with the receiver. The method may further comprise identifying a cut-off time to be applied to the result signal, transforming the result signal from a time domain to a frequency domain, selecting one or more modes sensitive to a bonding at the boundary between the casing and the material, computing a decay rate of the one or more modes that were selected based at least one or more decay curves, and converting the decay rate to a bonding log.

Through tubing cement evaluation using borehole resonance mode

A method for removing a guided wave noise in a time-domain may include recording one or more acoustic signals with one or more receivers at a first location, wherein the one or more acoustic signals are raw data. The method may further include determining a slowness range, estimating a downward guided wave noise by stacking the one or more acoustic signals based at least in part on a positive slowness, estimating an upward guided wave noise by stacking the one or more acoustic signals based at least in part on a negative slowness, and identifying a dominant direction of propagation. The method may further include identifying a slowness from a highest stacked amplitude for the dominant direction of propagation, estimating a downward guided wave noise with the slowness, estimating an upward guided wave noise with the slowness, and subtracting the downward guided wave noise and the upward guided wave noise.

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Singapore, Singapore

Ruijia Wang