Carl-zeiss-stiftung

Other

Zeiss Ikon Ag

Rudolf E Grosskopf

Horst Ballmer

Hubert Jager

An apparatus for examining an object in three dimensions including an optical system having an illumination side and an observation side; an illumination grid located in an illumination plane on the illumination side of the optical system and which during use generates an array of illumination points that is projected by the optical system onto a focus plane at a site at which the object is located, the optical system in turn directing light from that site into an observation plane on the observation side of the optical system, the illumination grid being a first aperture plate having a first passive array of pinholes; a detector array of light-sensitive regions located on the observation side of the optical system; and a second aperture plate located between the detector array and the optical system, said second aperture plate having a second passive array of pinholes.

Confocal color

A confocal imaging system that includes an image-recording system and having a flow-through cuvette that is located in an inclined position with reference to a focal plane of the image-recording system such that the motion of the suspension flow automatically brings the particles to be examined into different focal positions.

Arrangement for three-dimensional image recording of particles using flow-through systems

An apparatus for three-dimensional investigation of an object including an illuminating grid located in an illumination plane and generating a plurality of points of light when illuminated by a light source; an optical imaging system that images the illuminating grid in a focal plane at the location of the object to be measured and also images light radiated from the object into a receiver plane; a receiver array with photosynthesis areas that records the light transmitted by optical imaging system and the light that is reflected in or at the object or is emitted by fluorescence; and an array of anamorphic lenses located in front of receiver array.

Optical apparatus with an illumination grid and detector grid having an array of anamorphic lenses

A two-dimensional illuminating grid (,) illuminates an object (,). Its spacial form is measured by imaging through a prism grid (,) on a receiver array (,), with the prism grid performing a pupil division for the image of each of the illuminated object points. For this purpose, for each measurement point, the difference signal from each of four adjacent pixels (,) of a receiver array (,) is evaluated. For example, 65,000 points in space can be measured in 20 ms.

Device for optical investigation of an object

An apparatus for non-contacting information transmission between a data carrier and a data reader includes providing at least two electrodes on the surface of the data carrier which are brought together which at least two electrodes in the data reader to form capacitors to produce at least one common circuit of the data carrier and data reader for information transmission.

Method and apparatus for non-contacting information transmission

A microscope with convolution wherein the light distribution is modulated within the space of double light cones generated by the optics of the microscope. The modulation is accomplished in space domain as opposed to modulation in the time domain used in radio frequency electronics. Light radiation is modulated by placing a modulation pattern in one of the planes of the microscope where the illumination source is focused. The modulated light passes through the other sections of the microscope after which time it strikes a target of a TV camera tube. The output of the TV tube is then fed into a computer. In the object of the microscope there are, for example, 64 consecutive object positions at which 64 consecutive focused images of the object can be formed so as to generate digitized images in the computer. The pattern from which the image is formed is stored in a memory and then reconvolved using an algorithm which constructs a reconvolution of the object by sensing the presence and absence of the hollow sections of the light modulated cones. The algorithm takes into account the modulating pattern and the quality of the image generated within the microscope optics. To match the algorithm with the modulating pattern or patterns used in the microscope a matrix of data representing a three-dimensional pulse response function is generated using a Fourier transformer or any other convolving algorithm. This data matrix takes into account the behavior of the optics of the microscope and is converted by a reconvolving algorithm into improved images. These images have a superior 3-D resolution not achievable with the same speed by other methods.

Microscope system for providing three-dimensional resolution

For the detection of accumulations of particles, for instance metaphase plates, in an image converted by a raster process into electrical signals, there is first effected an electronic dilation in several directions, the parameters of the dilation being so selected that images of the chromosomes of the metaphase plates agglomerate to form unitary structures. Thereupon, an electronic erosion of images is effected in several directions, the parameters of the erosion being so selected that images of cells and impurities disappear but the agglomerated metaphase-plate images are retained. A circuit is described which consists essentially of length discriminators, decision-logic devices, delay-storage devices with provision for establishing input digital preset values, in which circuit the entire evaluation process takes place with the speed of the scanning process.

Method and apparatus for the detection of accumulations of particles

A process for the electronic long-time monitoring of the heart with EKG lead electrodes fastened to the skin of a patient, in which the signal delivered by these electrodes is digitized and evaluated, the process being characterized by the fact that the EKG signal is evaluated simultaneously on basis of several parameters, that all evaluation signals are stored in the form of histograms, and that furthermore, in case of a signal anomaly determined by the evaluation, this anomaly as well as preceding and following signal sections are permanently stored.

Heartbeat monitoring process and device

The invention contemplates an improved method and means of electronic-image analysis within a field of raster-scanned subject matter, wherein the volume of an object is evaluated according to its observed light-absorbing properties. The evaluation progresses as successive scans of the object area, at progressively quantized levels of transmitted light, and an appropriate calibration factor is applied to each of the successive object areas thus scanned, so that a volume measurement results from summing the calibration-corrected areas.

Method and means for measuring substance volumes in light-transmitting

The invention contemplates an improved method of electronic-image analysis within a field of raster-scanned subject matter in which each scanning line lying within the boundaries of an object to be evaluated supplies by means of a discriminator a binary signal corresponding to the line length between object-boundary intercepts for the particular line. The improvement involves production of a localized search signal synchronized with raster scanning such that the search signal is effectively located within at least part of the scan-line coverage of the object. The search signal is used to control for each scan line the delay time of the binary signal of the same scan line, said delayed binary signal starting an output signal, the delay time of said binary signal being so controlled that it lies between a scan line period T.sub.1 and a minimum time T.sub.2 and depends upon the time interval between the start of said binary signal and of said output signal. The output signal in each following scan line is started by the delayed output signal of the foregoing scan line or the output signal of the line just scanned, depending upon which signal starts earlier. The binary signal of each scan line is also separately delayed by one scan line period in order to produce an anticoincidence pulse when the thus-delayed binary signal and instantaneously produced binary signal fail to overlap. Finally, an evaluation-output signal is produced upon observation of coincidence as between the output signal and the anticoincidence pulse.

Method and means for electronic image analysis within a raster-scanned

In raster-scan of a given electronically imaged field, a predetermined digital value is assigned to each raster element. A raster element scanned for the first time, within the boundaries of an object to be evaluated, is projected in at least one preselected direction upon raster elements of consecutive raster lines, thereby changing its digital value in each consecutive line scan by one digit position until said predetermined value has become displaced to a preselected guide value. All raster elements which after scanning are associated with said preselected guide value define an object which is to be evaluated.

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Koenigsbronn, Germany

Rudolf E Grosskopf