E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

Invista North America S.a.r.l.

Ronald James McKinney

Wilson Tam

Thomas Foo

Edward George Howard, Jr

Sigridur Soley Kristjansdottir

Ron Ozer

Norman Herron

William Brown Farnham

Ming-Hong Hung

Christian Peter Lenges

Scott Christopher Jackson

Paul S Pearlman

Douglas Robert Anton

Kristina Ann Kreutzer

Mark Weinberg

Ralph Birchard Lloyd

James Michael Garner

Albert Loren Casalnuovo

Lawrence W Gosser

Thaliyil V Rajanbabu

Bryan Benedict Sauer

William A Nugent, Jr

Edward F Moran, Jr

Lucy M Clarkson

V N Rao

Paul R Resnick

Kenneth Gene Moloy

Walter Vladimir Cicha

William Thomas Hall

Alfred Waterfeld

Joseph Stuart Thrasher

Robert N McGill

Robert B Osborne

Nicole M Reinartz

Nugent, Jr William A

Rachel Kahn

Andreas Josef Kornath

Luis A Chu

Zeru Tekie

William C Kalb

Mark Gary Weinberg

Chitosan films and laminates made from the films are provided. The films and laminates can be used to make a variety of finished articles that can be used to provide protection from hazardous chemical and biological agents.

Laminates of chitosan films

The invention provides a process for hydrocyanation, comprising: contacting 2-pentenenitrile with hydrogen cyanide at a temperature in the range of about 0&#xb0; C. to about 150&#xb0; C. in the presence of at least one Lewis acid promoter and a catalyst precursor composition, wherein the catalyst precursor composition comprises a zero-valent nickel and at least one bidentate phosphite ligand selected from a member of the group represented by Formula I and Formula II, in which all like reference characters have the same meaning, except as further explicitly limited: wherein Rand Rare independently selected from the group consisting of Cto Chydrocarbyl; and R, R, R, R, Rand Rare independently selected from the group consisting of H and Cto Chydrocarbyl.

Hydrocyanation of 2-pentenenitrile

Processes for fabricating selectively permeable laminates are provided. In one process, continuous chitosan film is prepared by casting a chitosan solution directly onto a substrate that will be incorporated along with the film into a laminate. Alternatively, the chitosan solution is cast onto a work device (for example, such as glass or a polymer film), dried, detached, and then incorporated into a laminate in a separate step. In various embodiments, the laminates are useful for fabrication as a protective article and are substantially impermeable to hazardous chemical and biological agents, but sufficiently permeable to water vapor that, if worn as protective apparel, it is both protective and comfortable to wear.

Processes for making selectively permeable laminates

The invention provides an integrated, continuous process for the production of 3-pentenenitrile, the refining of 3-pentenenitrile, and the refining of 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, the process comprising:

Process for making and refining 3-pentenenitrile, and for refining 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile

The present invention relates to a laminate prepared in part from a continuous acid polysaccharide film. In various embodiments, the laminate is useful for fabrication as a protective article as it typically is largely impermeable to hazardous chemical and biological agents, but is sufficiently permeable to water vapor that, if worn as protective apparel, it is both protective and comfortable to wear.

Laminates of acid polysaccharide films

The invention provides a continuous process for the production of 3-pentenenitrile, comprising:

Process for making 3-pentenenitrile by hydrocyanation of butadiene

The invention provides a continuous process for the production of 3-pentenenitrile comprising: wherein Rand Rare independently selected from the group consisting of Cto Chydrocarbyl, and R, R, R, R, Rand Rare independently selected from the group consisting of H and Cto Chydrocarbyl; and

A process for preparing a hydrocyanation catalyst comprising contacting a bidentate phosphorous-containing ligand with nickel chloride in the presence of a nitrile solvent and a reducing metal which is more electropositive than nickel the nickel chloride being introduced as an aqueous solution and the water being removed concurrently with the reduction reaction by azeotropic distillation.

Process for the preparation of nickel/phosphorous ligand catalyst for olefin hydrocyanation

A process for preparing a hydrocyanation catalyst comprising contacting a bidentate phosphorous-containing ligand with a molar excess of nickel chloride in the presence of a nitrile solvent and a reducing metal which is more electropositive than nickel. Preferably, the nickel chloride is dried before use.

Process for the preparation of a nickel/phosphorous ligand catalyst for olefin hydrocyanation

Process for preparing a nickel/ligand catalyst in which a crude ligand mixture is contacted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of (i) a weakly acidic organic resin, (ii) a weakly basic organic resin, (iii) a high-surface-area organic resin, (iv) activated carbon, (v) aluminosilicate zeolite, (vi) a two phase solvent system for liquid-liquid extraction and (vii) a Lewis acid; recovering a solution containing a ligand of the formula(RO)POZOP(OR); andcontacting the solution with nickel chloride in the presence of a nitrile solvent and a reducing metal which is more electropositive than nickel to produce the nickel/ligand catalyst.

Process for the preparation of a nickel/phosphorous ligand catalyst

An improved process for converting an acylcic monoolefin to its corresponding terminal organonitrile by reacting the monoolefin with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of zero-valent nickel, a phosphite ligand, and an insoluble Lewis acid promoter.

Insoluble promoters for nickel-catalyzed hydrocyanation of monoolefins

A process is disclosed for preparing a perfluoroalkyl sulfonate of the formula R.sub.a MX.sub.b-c O.sub.g �(SO.sub.3).sub.d (R.sub.f).sub.e !.sub.c. This process involves reacting a reagent of the fonnula R.sub.a MX.sub.b O.sub.g and a second reagent of the formula R'.sub.x E�(SO.sub.3).sub.d (R.sub.f).sub.e !.sub.y, where

Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, their preparation and use

Processes for hydrocyanation of nonconjugated acyclic aliphatic monoolefins, monoolefins conjugated to an ester group, or monoolefins conjugated to a nitrile group which utilize a catalyst precursor composition comprising a bidentate phosphite ligand and zero-valent nickel preferably in the presence of a Lewis acid promoter. Catalyst precursor compositions are also disclosed.

Processes and catalyst compositions for hydrocyanation of monoolefins

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Wilmington, DE, United States of America

Ronald James McKinney