Basf Aktiengesellschaft

Rolf Schneider

Heinrich Hartmann

Walter Denzinger

Klaus Mundinger

Wolfgang Trieselt

Albert Hettche

Hans-Juergen Raubenheimer

Thomas Greindl

Fritz Brunnmueller

Michael Kroener

Wolfgang Habermann

Joachim Kranz

Helmut Knittel

Karl-Ludwig Hock

Karlheinz Stecher

Knut Oppenlaender

Juergen Hambrecht

Friedrich Linhart

Hartwig Voss

Herwig Hoffmann

Manfred Julius

Ludwig Schuster

Juergen Mohr

Juergen Thomas

Jakob Fischer

Peter Schreyer

Peter Hammes

Hermann Fischer

Harry Distler

Peter Thoma

Hans J Pander

Klaus Wulz

Karlheinz Messmer

Paul Raff

Hans Mueller

Waldemar Koehler

Friedrich Brunnmueller

Berthold Mueller

Erich Flickinger

Joachim Felger

Ubbo V Oehsen

Substituted guanidine derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## are prepared by reacting calcium cyanamide with a primary or secondary amino carboxylic acid or a primary or secondary amino sulfonic acid or their derivatives of the formula II ##STR2## where the substituents R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the meanings explained in the description.

Preparation of substituted guanidine derivatives

Cyanoacetic esters are prepared by reacting a corresponding monochloroacetic ester with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a base, where the base is a compound selected from the group consisting of tertiary amines, salts of carbonic acid, salts of carbonic acid monoesters, salts of carboxylic acids, amidines, guanidines and aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds.

Preparation of cyanoacetic esters

Substituted guanidine derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## are prepared by a) converting urea into an alkylated isourea of the formula II ##STR2## and b) reacting the alkylated isourea with a primary or secondary amine of the formula III ##STR3## where the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.10 have the meanings explained in the description.

Substituted guanidine derivatives of the formula I, ##STR1## are prepared by reacting haloformamidinium salts of the formula II, ##STR2## where Hal can be Cl, F, Br and I, with primary or secondary amines of the formula III ##STR3## where the substituents R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the meanings explained in the description.

Preparation of substituted guanidine derivative

Substituted guanidine derivatives of the formula I, ##STR1## are prepared by a) reacting calcium cyanamide with an alcohol of the formula R.sup.10 --OH to give an isourea derivative of the formula II, ##STR2## and b) reacting the substituted isourea with a primary or secondary amine of the formula III, ##STR3## where the substituents R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 and R.sup.10 have the meanings explained in the description.

Fuels and lubricants contain, as detergents, N-alkylcarboxamides prepared from olefins by the Ritter reaction.

Fuels and lubricants containing n-alkylcarboxamides

Organic sulfonic acids are liberated from aqueous solutions of their salts by a process in which the aqueous organosulfonate solution is subjected to electrodialysis with the aid of an electrodialysis cell which consists of diluate chambers DC, acid chambers AC and base chambers BC according to the sequence I

Liberation of organic sulfonic acids

A process for the preparation of copolymers which contain monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids as copolymerized monomer units, which comprises copolymerizing

Preparation of copolymers of monoethylenically unsaturated

Organic polyacids are prepared from monomeric monofunctional acids, such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and monomers without an acid group, with or without dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, by continuous free radical mass copolymerization under superatmospheric pressure at from 200.degree. to 400.degree. C., followed, if desired, by neutralization of the polyacids obtained. The polyacids obtained by the novel process are useful as phosphate substitutes and scale inhibitors in detergents and cleansers.

Polymeric organic acids, their preparation and their use in detergents

Reaction products of hydrogen cyanide are prepared by a process in which hydrogen cyanide prepared in a conventional manner by pyrolysis at from 250.degree. to 650.degree. C. over a solid under from 5 to 200 mbar is cooled to a temperature of from 200.degree. to -10.degree. C. together with the other pyrolysis products, the hydrogen cyanide is then fed to a chemisorption reaction with a base or with a carbonyl compound, and the reaction products of hydrogen cyanide which are formed therein are removed from the system and brought to atmospheric pressure. In this process, the handling of large amounts of hydrogen cyanide is avoided.

Preparation of the reaction products of hydrogen cyanide

Copolymers which contain, as copolymerized monomer units, monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids are prepared by a process in which

Preparation of copolymers of monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and

Pulverulent and/or granular additives for pulverulent detergents and cleaning agents, consisting of

Additives for detergents and cleaning agents

A process for the thermolytic cleavage of formamide to give hydrocyanic acid and water over alumina or alumina/silica moldings subjected to final sintering or over high temperature corrosion-resistant stainless steel packings in the presence of atmospheric oxygen possesses, in particular, high HCN selectively and a high formamide conversion.

Cleavage of formamide to give hydrocyanic acid and water

Blue iron hexacyanoferrate-III pigments are produced by a process wherein complex iron-II hexacyanoferrate-II (Berlin white) is prepared by electrolysis of an aqueous catholyte solution containing (a) an iron-II salt, (b) an alkali metal salt, an ammonium salt or a mixture of these, and (c) hydrogen cyanide, in an electrolysis cell in which the anode chamber and cathode chamber are separated by an ion exchange membrane, using an electrically conductive aqueous liquid in the anode chamber, and the iron-II hexacyanoferrate-II obtained is then converted to the blue pigment. The process gives Berlin white, which is substantially free from salt, in high yield and high purity. Pollution caused by the process is very low, since only a small amount of salt is produced. Compared with the corresponding blue pigments produced by prior art processes, the pigments obtained give purer colorations with better gloss, and are of higher color strength.

Production of blue iron hexacyanoferrate-III pigments

Blue iron hexacyanoferrate-III pigments (I) are prepared by anodic oxidation of metallic iron in hydrogen cyanide, or a reaction medium containing hydrogen cyanide, at pH&lt;7 and at an anode potential of .ltoreq.0.76 V (measured against a standard hydrogen electrode) to complex iron-II hexacyanoferrate-II compounds (II), which are then oxidized to (I) in a conventional manner. The oxidation of (II) is advantageously carried out with air or oxygen at pH 0-4 and at from 70 to 95.degree. C., but can also be carried out at pH&gt;8. The process gives readily dispersible pigments (I) which are of high color strength and give brilliant, glossy colorations.

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Mannheim, Germany

Rolf Schneider