Other

Roger K Moore

Ernest Cranko

Martin J Russell

Colin S Hilton

David N Howell

John A Coetzee

John S Bridle

Ernest E Cranko

A signature to be verified is written on an area which carries horizontal and vertical lines using a pen. As the lines are crossed signals representative of the vertical and horizontal components of the pen tip velocity and whether the tip is in contact with the area are passed to a computer. A hidden Markov model derived from vertical and horizontal velocities and a 'contact' signal occurring as a number of authentic signatures are written is stored by the computer. A forward pass of the Baum-Welch algorithm is used to calculate the probability that the vertical and horizontal components of the pen tip and the contacts between pen tip and the writing area could have been produced from the hidden Markov model. This probability is used to decide whether the signature is authentic. The hidden Markov model stored by the computer is derived from an initial model based on pen tip velocities and contacts occurring in an authentic signature, and re-estimation carried out using forward and backward passes of the Baum-Welch algorithm and velocities and contacts from further authentic signatures.

Method and apparatus for capturing information in drawing or writing

An anchor element is provided with a body of bonded particulate material e.g., a sleeve of silicate bonded sands. The element is received in a borehole with the sleeve adjacent the blind end. When a compressive force is applied between the ends of the body, the particles move closer together to form an annulus of compacted particulate material bridging the element and the wall of the borehole.

Anchoring

An anchor element is provided with a body of bonded particulate material, e.g. a sleeve of silicate bonded sands. The element is received in a borehole with the sleeve adjacent the blind end. When a compressive force is applied between the ends of the body, the particles move closer together to form an annulus of compacted particulate material bridging the element and the wall of the borehole.

Anchoring method

Loose particulate material A, preferably housed in a capsule C, is urged towards the blind end of a borehole H. An anchor element 1 having an end plate 3 or a head and a disc spaced from the head is driven into the hole with rotation to compact the particulate material to form a load bearing annulus. The material is selected to be of a defined aggregate crushing value.

Growing community of inventors

Redditch, United Kingdom

Roger K Moore