Dsm IP Assets B.v.

Covestro B.v.

Roel Wim Wiertz

Peter Jan Leonard Mario Quaedflieg

Aylvin Jorge Angelo Athanasius Dias

Barthel Engendahl

Bartholomeus Johannes Margretha Plum

Jan Van Der Spoel

The invention relates to a continuous or repetitive batch process for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) or esters thereof to at least gamma valerolactone (GVL) in a reactor comprising a feed stream and an outlet stream, in the presence of a solid Ru catalyst, said process comprising (a) pretreating said solid Ru catalyst with a reductant; and (b) reacting levulinic acid with hydrogen and the pretreated solid Ru catalyst obtained in step (a) at a temperature and residence time suitable to form at least GVL, characterized in that the pretreatment is in the presence of a first solvent which comprises water. This process is stable and little or no Ru will leak form the support.

Continuous hydrogenation of levulinic acid

Compounds and polymers obtained from such compounds are provided, wherein the compounds have (a) at least two polymerizable moieties, (b) at least one amino acid residue of an amino acid comprising at least two amine groups of which at least two amine groups have formed a carbamate, a thiocarbamate or a carbamide group, and (c) a biomolecular moiety linked directly or via a spacer to the carboxylic acid moiety of the diamino acid residue or a carboxylic acid to which such moiety can be linked.

Carbamate, thiocarbamate or carbamide comprising a biomolecular moiety

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Echt, Netherlands

Roel Wim Wiertz