Mineral Resource Technologies, LLC

Jtm Industries, Inc.

Amax Resource Recovery Systems, Inc.

Mineral Resources Technologies, LLC

Municipal Services Corporation

Resource Technology, Inc.

Michigan Technological University

Robert William Styron

Jerry L Heavilon

Kamal Seyi Abiodun

Hugh P Shannonhouse

Jiann-Yang Hwang

Robert D Nelson

James K Hicks

Clinton W Pike

Vernon J Hurst

Frederick H Gustin

Bill G Fletcher

Richard George Basaraba

David R Savage

Arthur Raymond Mewes

Mark Harris Smith

A masonry cement composition is provided which contains a blend of fly ash, Portland cement, a retarding agent, and an air entrainment agent. The masonry cement composition may be formed into a mortar having a high air content which exhibits good compressive strength and does not exhibit efflorescence.

Masonry cement composition and method of making

A fly ash composition is provided which includes a blend of Class C fly ash, potassium carbonate, and lithium carbonate, which, in combination, reduce alkali silica reactivity when the fly ash composition is used in concrete applications. The fly ash composition includes from about 65 to 99 wt % Class C fly ash, from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt % potassium carbonate, and from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % lithium carbonate.

Fly ash composition for use in concrete mix

A fly ash composition is provided which includes an amount of lithium carbonate to reduce alkali silica reactivity when the fly ash composition is used in concrete applications. The fly ash composition includes from about 0.5 wt.% to about 98% wt.% subbituminous fly ash and from about 0.5 wt.% to about 3 wt.% lithium carbonate.

Fly ash composition

A method for producing a mineral filler and pozzolan product from fly ash is provided in which fly ash is dry processed in an air classifier to obtain a fine fraction having an average particle size of from about 0.1 to 5 microns and a coarse fraction having an average particle size of from about 6 to 20 microns. The fine fraction is then preferably passed through a magnetic separator to remove ferrous iron oxides and may optionally be treated with a surface modifier to form a mineral filler. The coarse fraction is preferably passed through a 100 mesh screen to form a pozzolan product.

Method of making mineral filler and pozzolan product from fly ash

A method for producing a mineral filler from fly ash is provided in which fly ash is dry processed in an air classifier to obtain a fine fraction having an average particle size of from about 0.1 to 5 microns. The fine fraction is then preferably passed through a magnetic separator to remove ferrous iron oxides and may optionally be treated with a surface modifier. The resulting processed fly ash may be used in a wide variety of filler applications.

Method of making a mineral filler from fly ash

A froth flotation method is provided for removing carbon from fly ash which utilizes an environmental friendly conditioning agent. The conditioning agent preferably comprises a biodegradable oil which is added to a slurry containing raw fly ash and water. The conditioning agent renders the carbon in the fly ash hydrophobic such that upon aeration of the slurry, air bubbles attach to the carbon particles and carry them to the surface of the slurry in the form of a froth, such that the carbon may be removed.

Method of removing carbon from fly ash

The present invention is directed to blended hydraulic cement compositions which are formed with subbituminous fly ash. In one embodiment, the cement composition comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt. % of a retarding agent; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % potassium carbonate; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % citric acid; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. % lithium carbonate; and from about 85 wt. % to about 99.7 wt. % of a subbituminous fly ash. In another embodiment, the cement composition comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt % of a retarding agent; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 6 wt. % of an alkali source selected from the group consisting of potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and blends thereof; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % citric acid; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. % lithium carbonate; from about 25 wt. % to about 91.7 wt. % of a first subbituminous fly ash having a lime content; and from about 8 wt. % to about 60 wt. % of a second fly ash selected from the group consisting of lignite fly ash, bituminous fly ash and scrubber material.

Blended hydraulic cement

The present invention is directed to blended hydraulic cement compositions which are formed with subbituminous fly ash. In a first embodiment, the cement composition comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt. % of a retarding agent; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of potassium carbonate; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of citric acid; and from about 85 wt. % to about 99.7 wt. % of the total composition of a subbituminous fly ash. In a second embodiment, the cement composition comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt % of the total composition of a retarding agent; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 6 wt. % of the total composition of an alkali source selected from the group consisting of potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and blends thereof; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of citric acid; from about 25 wt. % to about 91.7 wt. % of the total composition of a first subbituminous fly ash having a lime content; and from about 8 wt. % to about 60 wt. % of the total composition of a second fly ash selected from the group consisting of lignite fly ash, bituminous fly ash and scrubber material.

The present invention is directed to processes for making blended hydraulic cement compositions. In one embodiment, the process includes the steps of: providing from about 85 wt. % to about 99.7 wt. % of the total composition of a subbituminous fly ash; separating out about a 10% portion of the fly ash; adding from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt. % of the total composition of a retarding agent, from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of citric acid, and from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of potassium carbonate to the 10% portion; and blending the remainder of the ash with the 10% portion to create a blended hydraulic cement composition.

Process for making a blended hydraulic cement

A cementitious mixture includes hydraulic cement, fly ash, and an effective amount of unfired nature finely divided material, such as a clay, containing at least about 35% alumina, to accelerate the early strength of a mix. A method of accelerating early strength in a cementitious mix comprises the adding of alumina in the form of an unfired raw material, such as clay, in an effective amount in such mix.

Use of alumina clay with cement fly ash mixtures

A method of treating fly ash which has a moisture content and which also has a high carbon particle content includes the steps of heating the fly ash to a temperature sufficient to break the bond between the fly ash and the carbon particles caused by the moisture content, applying the heated fly ash in a relatively thin layer to the surface of a belt-type conveyor and subjecting the layer of heated fly ash to the effects of an electrostatic charging zone while repeatedly mechanically rearranging the orientation of the fly ash particles in the zone for causing the carbon particles to take a charge and become attracted to an electrode so that the same may be separated from the layer. Apparatus for separating carbon particles from fly ash includes a generally horizontal conveyor, and a hopper which applies fly ash to be treated in a layer on the surface of a conductive belt. The belt carries the fly ash layer through an elongated electrostatic charging zone, and beaters beneath the belt impart a vibration to the belt for causing the fly ash layer to be in a state of agitation. The belt forms a lower electrode, while an upper electrode is spaced above the belt and the entire separation zone is environmentally enclosed to exclude ambient air and moisture from the separating zone. Collection bins are positioned along the lateral sides of the belt for capturing carbon particles discharged from the zone, while the accepts are delivered off of the end of the belt into a suitable bin.

Method and apparatus for reducing carbon content in fly ash

Methods and apparatus for reducing the carbon content of fly ash are disclosed. The fly ash is subjected to an inclined surface having first and second vibratory sources for respectively moving the fly ash from the elevated end of the incline to the lower end and to disaggregate and stratify a high carbon fraction from an enhanced fly ash fraction. The second vibratory source, in combination with the inclined surface, separates the lighter, high carbon fraction while the heavier enhanced fly ash fraction travels toward the lower end of the incline. An air jet and associated vacuum draft pull the high carbon fraction from the incline, leaving the enhanced fly ash portion for use, after removal from the surface, as an example, as acceptable mineral admixture for use in Portland Cement concrete.

Method and apparatus for reducing carbon content in particulate mixtures

Municipal solid waste ash is utilized in the manufacture of an aggregate and is processed to form a cold bonded pellet which, when tested by means of TCLP leaching extraction tests using TCLP No. 2 extraction fluid, does not exceed the 1990 limits for the RCRA priority heavy metals. The pellets may be surface coated with defined agents to seal the pellet or to provide properties which enhance the use of the pellet in either asphaltic or cement concrete mixes. A method of utilizing MSW ash includes the steps of collecting the bottom ash and fly ash components, processing the bottom ash component to remove unprocessible material and crushing the crushable component to a desired size, magnetically separating the magnetic material from at least the processed bottom ash component, treating at least the fly ash component of the ash with alkali silicate to fix the heavy metals, and utilizing the processed ash such as by adding cement or other binders in a mix to form pellets having an early strength sufficient to permit handling after 24 hours. Pellets may be treated with selective components and coatings to enhance the pellet's use as an aggregate in asphaltic or cement concrete mixes.

Fixation and utilization of ash residue from the incineration of

A landfill cell for the containment of MSW ash is defined in part by a depression in the ground bounded by a leachate impervious liner which forms the bottom and side walls of the cell, for continuous long-term protection of underyling and contiguous aquifers from contamination by heavy metals. The cell has a base layer of a natural cationic material in the form of amended and compacted lignite, which may be enhanced by the addition of about 6 to 12% lime by weight, extending in overlying relation to the liner along the bottom and along the side walls. An overburden of the waste ash material rests on the base layer, and at least one additional layer of amended lignite is positioned immediately above the first overburden, and at least one additional layer of the waste material overburden rests on the additional layer of cationic material. The lignite is ground to a small particle size of about 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm in size and has a CEC value of about 120 meq/100 g when enhanced by the addition of lime. A method of long term storage of MSW ash in a landfill cell includes the steps of forming a layer of such amended lignite in the landfill and applying an overburden of ash immediately above that layer, in which the cationic capacity of the layer is sufficient to immobilize at least 100% of the heavy metal ions capable of being leached from the overburden, adding a second such layer of material immediately above the overburden and then adding another layer of overburden of waste material over the second layer, and so on until the cell is filled and covered.

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Marietta, GA, United States of America

Robert William Styron