Leland Stanford Junior University

Other

University of Ottawa

Robert W Dutton

Yang Liu

Roger T Howe

Kee-Hyun Paik

Ronald W Davis

Takako Okada

Hanlee P Ji

Vincent Tabard-Cossa

Billy Tsz Cheong Lau

Kyeongjae Cho

Hideki Takada

Hiroshi Ohtani

Qiushi Ran

Sinji Onga

Yoshinori Asahi

Billy Tsz Lau

Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to the flow of analytes, particles or other materials. As consistent with one or more embodiments described herein, an apparatus includes a membrane having one or more pores in a membrane. First and second electrodes facilitate electrophoretic flow of analytes through the pore, and a third electrode controls movement of the particles in the pore by modulating the shape of an electric double layer adjacent sidewalls of pore. This modulation controls the strength of an electroosmotic field that opposes the electrophoretic flow of the analytes via the pore.

Flow control method and apparatuses

According to one aspect, the disclosure is directed to an example embodiment in which a circuit-based arrangement includes a circuit-based substrate securing a channel, with an effective width that is not limited by the Debye screening length, along a surface of the substrate. A pair of reservoirs are included in or on the substrate and configured for containing and presenting a sample having bio-molecules for delivery in the channel. A pair of electrodes electrically couple a charge in the sample to enhance ionic current flow therein (e.g., to overcome the electrolyte screening), and a sense electrode is located along the channel for sensing a characteristic of the biological sample by using the electrostatic interaction between the enhanced ionic current flow of the sample and the sense electrode. Actual detection occurs by using a charge-signal processing circuit to process the sensed charge signal and, therefrom, provide an output indicative of a signature for the bio-molecules delivered in the channel.

Electro-diffusion enhanced bio-molecule charge detection using electrostatic interaction

Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed toward apparatus and methods method for filtering water fluid by screening ionic minerals including sodium chloride from the water fluid. In one embodiment, the water fluid is passed into a work zone defined at least in part by oppositely-arranged first and second porous structures, each of which have a plurality of gated channels. The water fluid is processed in the work zone by applying respective electric voltages to electrically bias the first porous structure and the second porous structure. The respective electric voltages deplete sodium chloride ions in the water fluid in the work zone due to ion-flux continuity. In response to processing of the water fluid, ion-filtered water is collected from the work zone.

Methods and apparatuses for filtering water fluid by screening ionic minerals

To reduce dislocations produced in the formation of shallow trench isolation regions in a semiconductor substrate, the semiconductor substrate is annealed in N ambient pressure with an O partial pressure of less than about 10 at a temperature between about 950 C.&deg; and about 1055 C.&deg;. In addition, a method to reduce crystalline defects in semiconductor manufacturing in which a metal is deposited on an insulator to form metal silicide is provided. The method provides for etching the insulator to create an overhang by an amount equal to at least one half of the thickness of the metal, thereby creating a void between the surface of the semiconductor substrate and the insulator. The metal is deposited on the first insulator and on the surface of the semiconductor substrate and the semiconductor substrate is heated thereby forming metal silicide on the surface of the substrate.

Semiconductor device manufacturing method to reduce process induced stress and crystalline defects

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Palo Alto, CA, United States of America

Robert W Dutton