Appleton Papers Inc.

Ncr Corporation

Robert W Brown

Paul S Phillips, Jr

Peter L Foris

Robert E Miller

Richard P Bowman

Lowell Schleicher

Lucy Feldman

Kenneth D Glanz

William J Becker

Lester Alfred Balster

Jerrold L Anderson

Donald Churchill

A novel imaging process is disclosed comprising preparing microcapsules having an elongation of less than 1%, adhering the microcapsules to a substrate then imagewise rupturing certain of said microcapsules upon selective application of a thermal energy input comprising a .DELTA.T of at least 115.degree. C. per 1 millisecond. The process makes use of novel microcapsules polymerized at a temperature of from 65.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. which are heat resistant yet heat fracturable upon application of a thermal pulse.

Imaging process

A novel record material is disclosed comprising a substrate bearing microcapsules having nonmeltable walls. The microcapsules contain a chromogen or developer and a photosensitive composition internal thereof, said microcapsules undergoing a change in viscosity upon exposure to actinic radiation. The walls of the microcapsules have an elongation of not more than 1%, and the record material is resistant to heat, measured by not producing any substantial color when placed in a 150.degree. C. oven for one minute. Surprisingly, the record material however is capable of forming a color upon application to the record material of a point source energy input comprising a .DELTA.T of at least 115.degree. C. per one millisecond.

Desensitizable record material

An improved self-contained record material having tamper resistance through an indicator quality is disclosed. The self-contained record material of the invention is suitable for forming a visible mark with a focussed means of pressure application such as a stylus, needle, or pen and which mark can then later be in part fixed by unfocussed light. The self-contained record material comprises a substrate on which is coated two sets of microcapsules only one of which is made photosensitive to change in viscosity upon exposure to actinic radiation, and the first of which are conventional microcapsules. The color formers in each of the sets of microcapsules are selected to express a different observed color. Original markings, for example, could be black (combination of the orange and blue color formers). After exposure to actinic radiation desensitizing the blue color former containing capsules, subsequent markings are orange indicating the aspect of the subsequence in time.

Desensitizable self-contained record material useful for security

Disclosed is a pressure-sensitive record unit which comprises a top sheet having coated on the underside thereof solid color former material and a bottom sheet having coated on the upper side thereof a coating comprising solid color developer material and microcapsules containing a liquid solvent for the color former. Such a record unit makes possible the unexpectedly efficient utilization of the color former material. It furthermore permits the printing application of some of the components, resulting in even more efficient utilization of color former material and elimination of undesirable side effects of printed record units taught in the prior art.

Pressure-sensitive record material

A process is disclosed for performing encapsulation, en masse, by an in situ polymerization reaction to yield capsule wall material. The reaction comprises the polymerization of urea and formaldehyde, or monomeric or low molecular weight polymers of dimethylol urea or methylated dimethylol urea, melamine and formaldehyde, monomeric or low molecular weight polymers of methylol melamine or methylated methylol melamine, in an aqueous vehicle and the reaction is conducted in the presence of certain acrylic acid copolymers. The disclosed encapsulation process provides improved resistance of the emulsion of intended capsule core material to destabilization and permits the manufacture of microcapsules with improved drop size distribution, improved resistance to frictional smudge damage and enhanced impermeability.

Capsule manufacture

A process is disclosed for performing encapsulation, en masse, by an in situ polymerization reaction to yield capsule wall material. The reaction comprises the polymerization of urea and formaldehyde, monomeric or low molecular weight polymers of dimethylol urea or methylated dimethylol urea, melamine and formaldehyde, monomeric or low molecular weight polymers of methylol melamine or methylated methylol melamine, in an aqueous vehicle and the reaction is conducted in the presence of mixtures of poly-electrolyte material, esp. poly(acrylic acid), and polystyrene sulfonic acid and/or salts thereof in certain critical proportions. The disclosed encapsulation process provides improved resistance of the emulsion of intended capsule core material to destabilization and permits the manufacture of micro-capsules with improved drop size distribution.

A process is disclosed for continuously manufacturing minute capsules in a closed conduit under conditions of non-turbulent flow. The continuous microencapsulation process comprises in-line emulsification of intended capsule core material in a liquid manufacturing vehicle comprising negatively-charged polyelectrolyte material and methylol melamine or etherified methylol melamine followed by conduction of the emulsion, under non-turbulent flow conditions, through a tubular reactor maintained at a single, elevated temperature.

Continuous microencapsulation

A process for separating a collated stack of carbonless copy paper sheets into form sets, which comprises pretreating the edge of the stack of sheets to be padded with a non-aqueous material, drying, applying an adhesive composition, drying and separating the unit sets.

Process for making form sets from carbonless copy paper sheets

A process is disclosed for performing encapsulation, en masse, by an in situ polymerization reaction to yield capsule wall material. The polymerization comprises a reaction between melamine and formaldehyde and/or polycondensation of monomeric methylol melamine or etherified methylol melamine, or a low molecular weight polymer thereof, in an aqueous vehicle and the reaction is conducted in the presence of negatively-charged, carboxyl-substituted, linear aliphatic hydrocarbon polyelectrolyte material dissolved in the vehicle. Liquid-liquid phase separation is accomplished and maintained by increase in the molecular weight of the resulting condensation polymer without further dilution of the manufacturing vehicle. The negatively-charged polyelectrolyte material is required and has an apparent effect of controlling or modifying the polymerization reaction. The disclosed encapsulation process permits manufacture of micro-capsules in concentrations of capsule to capsule manufacturing vehicle higher than previously possible.

A process is disclosed for performing encapsulation, en masse, by an in situ polymerization reaction to yield capsule wall material. The polymerization includes a reaction between urea and formaldehyde or polycondensation of monomeric or low molecular weight polymers of dimethylol urea or methylated dimethylol urea in an aqueous vehicle and the reaction is conducted in the presence of negatively-charged, carboxyl-substituted, linear aliphatic hydrocarbon polyelectrolyte material dissolved in the vehicle. Liquid-liquid phase separation is accomplished and maintained by increase in the molecular weight of the resulting condensation polymer without further dilution of the manufacturing vehicle. The negatively-charged polyelectrolyte material is required and has an apparent effect of controlling or modifying the polymerization reaction. The disclosed encapsulation process permits manufacture of microcapsules in concentrations of capsule to capsule manufacturing vehicle higher than previously possible.

A colorless liquid ink is provided which yields a distinctive marking color on exposure to normal environmental conditions of temperature and pressure as when used for writing on a sheet of plain paper. This ink may be encapsulated to give pressure-rupturable microcapsules. Autogenous, pressure-sensitive record materials are provided by incorporation of such microcapsules in or on sheets of paper for use singly or in manifold duplicating systems which respond to printing-pressures applied by un-inked printing members.

Single coating record system-solvent loss produces color

A process is disclosed for performing encapsulation, en masse, by an in situ polymerization reaction to yield capsule wall material. The polymerization includes a reaction between urea and formaldehyde in an aqueous vehicle and the reaction is conducted in the presence of negatively-charged, carboxyl-substituted, linear aliphatic hydrocarbon polyelectrolyte material dissolved in the vehicle. Liquid-liquid phase separation is accomplished and maintained by increase in the molecular weight of the urea/formaldehyde reaction product without further dilution of the manufacturing vehicle. The negatively-charged polyelectrolyte material is required and has an apparent effect of controllng or modifying the polymerization reaction. The disclosed encapsulation process permits manufacture of microcapsules in concentrations of capsule to capsule manufacturing vehicle higher than previously possible.

Growing community of inventors

Appleton, WI, United States of America

Robert W Brown