Sri International

Other

Alti, LLC

Robert W Bartlett

David J Rowcliffe

Paul J Jorgensen

Ibrahim M Allam

Angel Sanjurjo

Richard J McClincy

Rolf J Wesely

Mickey J Lawler

A process for in situ anaerobic bioremediation of contaminated earth media and solid waste media, including mining and chemical plant wastes, is shown. The process includes creating an emulsion of organic liquid dispersed in water, followed by infiltrating the emulsion into the media. Water, as the continuous emulsion phase, provides low viscosity and media wetting, favorable to infiltration. The emulsion disengages inside the media leaving dispersed organic nutrient attached to the media where it is accessible for microbial redox reactions, causing anaerobic conditions. Bioremediation includes sulfate reduction and precipitation of metal sulfides, and many other contaminant altering reactions achievable under anaerobic conditions. Components of the organic liquid are selected to enhance microbial activity and media adhesion. Contaminated groundwater and surface water, such as acid mine drainage, can be treated as they flow through a saturated media bed after the emulsion has been introduced into the media.

In situ anaerobic bioremediation of earth and sold waste contaminants using organic/water emulsions

Disclosed are coated metal articles having protective coatings which are applied to substrate metals by coating the metal surface, e.g. by dipping the substrate metal in a molten alloy of the coating metals, and then exposing the coating at an elevated temperature to an atmosphere containing a reactive gaseous species which forms an oxide, a nitride, a carbide, a boride or a silicide. The coating material is a mixture of the metals M.sub.1 and M.sub.2, M.sub.1 being zirconium and/or titanium, which forms a stable oxide, nitride, carbide, boride or silicide under the prevailing conditions. The metal M.sub.2 does not form a stable oxide, nitride, carbide, boride or silicide. M.sub.2 serves to bond the oxide, etc. of M.sub.1 to the substrate metal. Mixtures of M.sub.1 and/or M.sub.2 metals may be employed. Eutectic alloys of M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 which melt substantially lower than the melting point of the substrate metal are preferred.

Coated metal product and precursor for forming same

Protective coatings are applied to substrate metals by coating the metal surface, e.g. by dipping the substrate metal in a molten alloy of the coating metals, and then exposing the coating at an elevated temperature to an atmosphere containing a reactive gaseous species which forms an oxide, a nitride, a carbide, a boride or a silicide. The coating material is a mixture of the metals M.sub.1 and M.sub.2, M.sub.1 being zirconium and/or titanium, which forms a stable oxide, nitride, carbide, boride or silicide under the prevailing conditions. The metal M.sub.2 does not form a stable oxide, nitride, carbide, boride or silicide. M.sub.2 serves to bond the oxide, etc. of M.sub.1 to the substrate metal. Mixtures of M.sub.1 and/or M.sub.2 metals may be employed. This method is much easier to carry out than prior methods and forms superior coatings. Eutectic alloys of M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 which melt substantially lower than the melting point of the substrate metal are preferred.

Process for applying coatings of zirconium and/or titantuim and a less

A process for producing titanium metal in finely-divided particulate form, by forming a liquid mixture of titanium and zinc, fracturing and solidifying the liquid mixture and evaporating zinc from the resulting finely-divided particles to produce finely divided particulate titanium. Titanium alloys may be produced by adding an alloying metal or metals to the liquid titanium-zinc mixture prior to fracturing, solidification and zinc evaporation. The liquid mixture of titanium and zinc may be produced by reaction of a reducing metal in a liquid mixture of zinc and reducing metal with titanium tetrachloride to produce reducing metal chloride and a liquid mixture of titanium and zinc. The reducing metal chloride is separated from the mixture of titanium and zinc. The alloying metal may be added to the liquid mixture of titanium and zinc by reacting alloying metal chlorides with the reducing metals in the liquid mixture of zinc and reducing metal. Sponge titanium or titanium alloys may be produced by omitting the fracturing and solidification step.

Process for producing titanium metal and titanium metal alloys

An inexpensive photovoltaic device made using particulate silicon is described. Silicon particles of a particular type having a size range of from 300 to 1000 micrometers are sintered to a metallic substrate to form an ohmic contact therebetween. The particles and the substrate are provided with an insulating layer except for the top surfaces of the silicon particles, to which a layer of the opposite type is applied to form p-n junctions in the particles. A second electrode is then applied either directly or, preferably, via a first application of a transparent conductive coating. The device is then, preferably, covered with a light transparent member to provide a hermetic seal.

Particulate silicon photovoltaic device and method of making

Process for applying a protective coating to a metal substrate which provides a thermal barrier and a barrier against oxidation of the substrate. The coating material is a mixture of two metals M.sub.1 and M.sub.2, e.g., cerium (M.sub.1) and cobalt (M.sub.2), one of which when exposed to an atmosphere containing a low partial pressure of oxygen and at a high temperature forms a stable oxide, the other of which does not form a stable oxide under such conditions. A coating consisting of such a metal alloy or mixture is subjected to such conditions to produce an outer oxide layer of metal M.sub.1 and an inner metal layer of M.sub.2 alloyed with one or more components of the substrate. The oxide layer provides thermal and oxidation protection and the inner layer bonds the coating to the substrate.

Process for applying thermal barrier coatings to metals

Silicon (Si) is cast into thin shapes within a flat-bottomed graphite crucible by providing a melt of molten Si along with a relatively small amount of a molten salt, preferably NaF. The Si in the resulting melt forms a spherical pool which sinks into and is wetted by the molten salt. Under these conditions the Si will not react with any graphite to form SiC. The melt in the crucible is pressed to the desired thinness with a graphite tool at which point the tool is held until the mass in the crucible has been cooled to temperatures below the Si melting point, at which point the Si shape can be removed.

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Tucson, AZ, United States of America

Robert W Bartlett