Institut Francais Du Pe'trole

Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine (production)

Institute Francais Du Petrole

Onidol

Institut Francais Du Petrole Et Institut Des Corps Gras (iterg)

Robert Stern

Gerard Hillion

Yves Chauvin

Dominique Commereuc

Jean-Francois Le Page

Andre Hirschauer

Jean-Jacques Rouxel

G&eacute;rard Hillion

Abakar Kotoko

Katja Siepen

Jean Cosyns

Andre Sugier

Jean-Pierre Franck

Helene Olivier

Jean Gaillard

Marie Velly

Pierre Amigues

Serge Leporq

Paul Gateau

Isabelle Durand

Paul Bourgmayer

H&eacute;l&egrave;ne Olivier

Jean-Claude Guibet

Georges Cecchi

Odile Le Borgne

Eugene Ucciani

Mohammed Neguib Eisa

Dominique Reffet

A nickel catalytic system that makes it possible to obtain branched compounds from fatty substances by reacting simple olefins on polyunsaturated esters, which may or may not be conjugated, is described. The compounds that are obtained may be hydrogenated and used as lubricant bases or may be transformed according to known procedures into compounds of acid, alcohol, amine or amide type, used in varied applications.

Process for the codimerization of fatty substance dienes and olefins that are catalyzed by nickel complexes

The following are described herein: a composition that consists of a mixture that comprises at least amides, amines, ester-amides, ester-amines, amine salts and monoglycerides, that are all derived from monomeric, dimeric, trimeric and/or tetrameric fatty acids; a process for the production of said composition which comprises the transamidification reaction of a polyunsaturated vegetable oil that is polymerized thermally, with an excess of at least one amino alcohol, which may or may not be in the presence of a catalyst; and the uses of this composition particularly as an emulsifying agent that allow it, depending on the nature of the oil, to form an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, as a solid-dispersing agent, or as an agent for the stabilization of foams in a liquid or an emulsion.

Composition that can be used as an emulsifying and dispersing surface agent and its production process

A cobalt catalytic system that makes it possible to obtain branched compounds from fatty substances by reacting simple olefins on polyunsaturated esters, which may or may not be conjugated, is described. The compounds that are obtained may be hydrogenated and used as lubricant bases.

Process for the codimerization of polyunsaturated fatty substances and

In order to produce a composition of esters of linear monocarboxylic acids containing 6 to 26 carbon atoms and glycerine simultaneously with high degrees of purity, the following is carried out: a step a) in which a plant or animal oil, which may or may not be acidic, is reacted with an excess of at least one aliphatic mono-alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, eliminating the excess mono-alcohol and separating out glycerine, this step producing a crude ester containing residual mono-glycerides; a step b) in which the crude ester obtained undergoes transesterification or esterification of the residual mono-glycerides to di- and tri-glycerides, in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst; and a step c) in which the ester composition is evaporated under reduced pressure, recycling the evaporation residue to the starting oil of step a). The ester compositions obtained, which are of high purity, are of particular use as gas oil substitutes.

Process for producing esters of fatty substances and the high purity

For the production of ethyl esters of fatty acids from fatty acid glycerides such as vegetable or animal oil or fat or other mixtures of glycerides, the process comprises the following stages: (a) transesterifying fatty acid glycerides with hydrated ethyl alcohol using an alkaline catalyst to form a medium comprising ethyl esters and excess ethyl alcohol; (b) adding a glycerine phase to said medium, and evaporating the excess ethyl alcohol to produce two immiscible phases, an ester phase and a glycerine phase A, and recycling said excess ethyl alcohol to stage (a); (c) separating said glycerine phase A and said ester phase to obtain the desired ethyl esters; (d) neutralizing said glycerine phase A with acid, and separating resultant 'fatty acids+esters' phase and a glycerine phase B, and drying the latter phase; (e) subjecting the 'fatty acids+esters' phase to glycerolysis with at least a fraction of the dried glycerine phase B in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to form a mixture of glycerides and esters, and passing said mixture into transesterification stage (a).

Process for the production of ethyl esters

For the production of linear monocarboxylic acid esters with 6 to 26 carbon atoms vegetable oils or animal oils, which may or may not be neutral, are reacted with monoalcohols having a low molecular weight, for example 1 to 5 carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst that is selected from among zinc oxide, mixtures of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide, and the zinc aluminates that correspond to the formula:

Process for the production of esters from vegetable oils or animal oils

For the oligomerization of a fatty ester or fatty acid containing conjugated double bonds, the reaction uses a catalyst consisting of an activated earth, e.g., montmorillonite, at a temperature of from 100.degree.-180.degree. C., preferably from 130.degree.-160.degree. C. The process can be carried out continuously or in a batch process on a fixed bed and is particularly applicable to conjugated methyl esters obtained by conjugating and transesterifying sunflower seed oil. The oligomerized products obtained are particularly useful as lubricants or polycondensation reactants.

Process for oligomerization of polyunsaturated acids and esters,

Co dimerization is conducted of at least one monoolefin, for example a monoolefinic hydrocarbon such as ethylene, propylene or 1-butene, a halogenated monoolefin such as vinyl chloride, or an olefinic functional compound such as methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, allyl acetate or vinyl acetate, with at least one polyolefin containing at least two conjugated or unconjugated ethylene bonds, for example a diene hydrocarbon such as 1,3-butadiene, piperylene, or isoprene or a polyolefin containing a carboxylic function, such as a fatty acid or a fatty acid ester having 14 to 24 carbon atoms in the fatty chain derived, for example, from a natural oil. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalytic system having general formula [RhX.sub.4 ][YR.sub.4 ] where X represents a halogen ion or a SO.sub.4.sup.--, SO.sub.3.sup.-, OH.sup.-, OR.sup.- or R.sup.- group, at least one X being a halogen ion, Y represents a nitrogen atom or a phosphorous atom, and R represents an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, polystyryl, alkyl polystyryl or acyl radical.

Process for codimerization of dienes and olefins

A novel family of chemical compounds derived from fatty compounds has two branches of two carbon atoms on the linear chain and general formula C.sub.21 H.sub.39 COOR where R represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl radical or a glyceryl radical. Particular compounds for consideration have the following formulae:

Double-branched compounds and processes for their production

A description is given of an improved process for the production of esters from fatty substances having a natural origin (animal and vegetable oils) and low molecular weight alcohols, in which the soaps and oily compounds entrained in the alkaline phases are recycled by treating them, following acidification and separation, with a fraction of the glycerol phase produced, in the presence of an alkaline catalyst and for forming preferably a triglyceride or a partly substituted glyceride. This process makes it possible to quantitatively obtain methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl esters usable as a substitute for gas oil.

Improved process for the production of esters from fatty substances

The invention concerns a process for delaying the formation and/or reducing the agglomeration tendency of hydrates in conditions under which a hydrate may be formed, these hydrates being formed from water and gas. The process according to the invention wherein, in particular, an additive comprising at least one compound from the group of hydroxycarbylamides of substituted carboxylic acids is used. Application of the process according to the invention to processes using gases and water, which form hydrates between them, in particular in the petroleum or gas industry.

Process for delaying the formation and/or reducing the agglomeration

The invention concerns a process for manufacturing a composition of fatty acid esters useful as gas oil substitute motor fuel, said composition containing at least one hydrated ethyl alcohol. The process comprises:

Process for manufacturing a composition of fatty acid esters useful as

A linear olefin is manufactured by contacting a fatty acid or ester with a catalyst comprising nickel and at least one metal from the group consisting of tin, germanium and lead at 200.degree.-400.degree. C.

Process for manufacturing a linear olefin from a saturated fatty acid or

N-acyliminodiacetic acids are manufactured by reacting formaldehyde or a formaldehyde generator compound with a N-unsubstituted amide or a generator thereof and with carbon monoxide in contact with a carbonylation catalyst, for example, a cobalt compound, the ratio of the aldehyde groups to the amide groups being at least 2:1. The formaldehyde generator can be a polymeric form of formaldehyde and the amide generator can be a carboxylic ester, acid or anhydride.

Process for manufacturing N-acyliminodiacetic acids

A N-acyl .alpha.-amino acid is manufactured by reacting an unsaturated vegetable oil or a C.sub.8 -C.sub.30 mono-olefinic compound with an amide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in the presence of a cobalt catalyst. The process is operated in one step, providing for an increased selectivity as compared with a two-step process.

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Paris, France

Robert Stern