Monsanto Company

Other

Bp Chemicals Limited

Robert G Schultz

Frank E Paulik

Marvin M Crutchfield

Arnold Hershman

Walter R Knox

Liou-Liang Horng

James F Roth

Skippy H Ramsey

Victor L Ross

A conventional golf club head is releasably connected to a golf club shaft through operation of a wedge on the lower end of a rod in the shaft moveable in and out of the lower end of the shaft to releasably cause the shaft side wall to create a friction fit in the hollow club head shank. A nut on the rod at the upper end of the shaft covered by a cap allows for rotation of the rod to advance or retract the wedge in the lower end of the shaft.

Golf club with interchangeable head

There is disclosed a process for the hydration of an acid selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, fumaric acid, sodium hydrogen maleate and mixtures thereof to malic acid in an aqueous reaction mixture in excellent yields and with particularly high purity by performing the synthesis in the presence of sodium ions in the molar ratio of sodium ions to acid or salt thereof in the range of from 0.2 to about 0.5.

Preparation of malic acid

There is disclosed herein an improved processes for the preparation of oxydisuccinate by reacting in an alkaline reaction medium the salts of maleic acid and malic acid in the presence of a calcium ion catalyst wherein unreacted maleic acid salts are recovered from the reaction medium as sodium hydrogen maleate by lowering the pH of the reaction product to a range of from about 4 to 6. The precipitated sodium hydrogen maleate salts are recycled to the synthesis reaction as salts of malic acid by hydration in the presence of a hydration catalyst to prepare additional amounts of product.

Preparation of 2,2'-oxydisuccinate

Alkylidene diesters such as ethylidene diacetate are produced by reacting an ether and/or an ester under substantially anhydrous conditions with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in contact with a catalyst system comprising a rhodium compound and a halogen component at a temperature in the range from 125.degree. to 300.degree. C. and at a carbon monoxide partial pressure in the range from about 1.0 to 1100 kg/cm.sup.2. When ethylidene diacetate is the product, it can then be decomposed to produce vinyl acetate and acetic acid by well-known techniques. Since one mole of acetic acid is also produced in the synthesis of the diacetate, the invention makes possible an overall process for the production of vinyl acetate which produces acetic acid rather than consumes it.

Preparation of alkylidene diesters

This invention involves a process for the carbonylation of a carbonylatable reactant, e.g., an alkyl ester, a dialkyl ether or mixtures thereof by reacting the same with carbon monoxide. The process comprises effecting the carbonylation in the presence of a solution of a catalyst system containing a rhodium compound, an iodide and a lithium component at a temperature of from 50.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. at a carbon monoxide partial pressure of 1 psig to 15,000 psig. Hydrogen may also be present. The invention also concerns a carbonylation catalyst system effective for the addition of carbon monoxide to a carbonylatable reactant which comprises a solution containing as essential components a rhodium containing active component, an iodide and a lithium component.

Carbonylation process and catalyst

There is disclosed herein improved processes for the preparation of ether carboxylates by reacting in an alkaline reaction medium the salts of maleic acid and a carboxylic or polycarboxylic acid having a reactive hydroxyl group on a non-carbonyl carbon atom in the presence of a calcium ion catalyst wherein unreacted acid salts are recovered from the reaction medium by lowering the pH of the reaction medium to a range of from about 4 to about 6. The precipitated salts are recycled to the synthesis reaction to prepare additional amounts of product.

Chemical process

Alkylidene diesters such as ethylidene diacetate are selectively produced in high yields by reacting an ether and/or an ester under substantially anhydrous conditions with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in contact with a catalyst system comprising a rhodium compound, a halogen component, a palladium cocatalyst and a promoter component which is an agent for liberation of carboxylic acid anions. The process is carried out in the liquid phase in a solvent comprising a carboxylic acid at a temperature in the range of 150.degree. to 190.degree. C. and at a carbon monoxide partial pressure in the range from about 1.0 to 1100 kg/cm.sup.2 and a carbon monoxide/hydrogen mole ratio of 6:1 to 1:2 for the ester reaction and 10:1 to 1:2 for the ether reaction. When ethylidene diacetate is the product, it can then be decomposed to produce vinyl acetate and acetic acid by well-known techniques. Since one mole of acetic acid is also produced in the synthesis of the diacetate, the invention makes possible an overall process for the production of vinyl acetate which produces acetic acid rather than consumes it.

A process for producing alkenyl succinic anhydrides by the reaction of an olefin with maleic anhydride in the presence of alkyl succinic anhydride is provided. The alkenyl succinic anhydrides are valuable precursors for the preparation of alkyl succinic anhydrides.

Preparation of alkenyl succinic anhydrides

A combination of zinc oxide and zinc bromide employed as a catalyst for the reaction between phenol and a 1,2-dihaloethane wherein the halogen is chlorine, bromine or iodine provides for increased reaction rates as compared to the use of either zinc compound separately as catalyst and elimination of the induction period characteristic of the reaction when zinc oxide is used as the catalyst.

Production of dihydroxydiphenyl alkanes

Iodine is employed as a promoter for the reaction between phenol and a 1,2-dihaloethane wherein the halogen is chlorine, bromine or iodine using a zinc-containing catalyst to produce dihydroxydiphenylethanes, especially the 4,4'-isomer.

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St. Louis, MO, United States of America

Robert G Schultz