Electric Power Research Institute Incorporated

Other

Codan Development LLC

Robert E Moser

James H Wilhelm

Frank B Meserole

David R Owens

Gordon Maller

John M Burke

Oliver W Hargrove, Jr

Sterling Gray

James D Colley

Robert L Glover

Carl Richardson

Charles H Rood

Gerard B Maybach

Timothy Hanley

Paul E Moser

Miriam Stohs

George E Morrison

Thomas King

Leo Moser

A process of using solutions containing thiosulfate and/or chloride salt reagents to remove SOand HSOacid gases from a flue gas. The solution is injected into a moving volume of flue gas to achieve a droplet size that enables the solution to dry on contact with the flue gas, generating dried particles of the reagent that react with the SOand HSOacid gases yielding a salt precipitate. SOpresent in the flue gas may also be absorbed with the solution, with a subsequent reaction yielding bisulfite species that, upon drying of the droplet, react with the SOand HSOacid gases to form salts that are removed from the gas. The removal of these acid gases from a flue gas reduce corrosion of equipment used in coal or oil fired power plants downstream of the injection cite.

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A wrap dispensing apparatus for wrapping an article with wrapping material includes a base; a hub assembly; a threaded spindle mounted to the base and the hub assembly, and a brake assembly to control the movement of the threaded spindle. The threaded spindle supports a roll of material between the base and the hub assembly. Further included is a steering arm that is attached to the base and the hub assembly and spaced from the threaded spindle. The base has wheels for omni-directional movement along a horizontal surface.

Wrap dispensing apparatus

A heavy-duty cargo bin unit configured for rugged use in hostile environments, such as in the oil drilling and production industry. The cargo bin unit is of a generally rectilinear construction, and preferably fabricated of heavy gauge steel. Supports or skids are positioned to allow for the nested stacking of one cargo bin atop the other, such that the lower portion support members would fit snugly within the interior walls of the cargo bin upon which it is placed. The size and configuration of the basket may vary depending upon the application, and the unit may be configured to receive templates for the customized storage of particular items such as drilling tools, bits, etc. A second embodiment of the present invention contemplates a cargo bin dumping system wherein there is provided a cargo bin as disclosed in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, with a stinger specifically designed to work with the present system also provided.

Stackable cargo bin

A process of using sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate solutions to remove SO and other acidic gases or vapors from a flue gas without substantially decreasing the amount of sulfur dioxide also present in the flue gas. Very limited quantities of such solutions are injected into the flue gas in a manner that achieves a controlled droplet size, such that the solution dries on contact with the flue gas and the resulting dry particles of sodium carbonate/bicarbonate are sufficiently small as to have adequate surface area for reacting with SO , as well as any H SO and, to some extent, HCl vapors in the flue gas.

Process for removing SO3/H2SO4 from flue gases

A cargo bin dumping system wherein there is provided a cargo bin as disclosed in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, with the addition of first and second lateral receiving stinger tubes for the engagement of a stinger therethrough, so as to facilitate the safe, and efficient dumping of the contents of a cargo basket into a waste bin or the like utilizing an ordinary forklift. A stinger specifically designed to work with the present system is also provided.

Stackable cargo bin with dump feature

System with apparatus to improve international and other communication, and to provide easier access to data, especially digitized data, by means of linked alternative languages generated from a source language. As taught by the present invention, a linked alternative language is an especially designed language form quite different in outward format from its source language in that it has been optimized in a plurality of ways to allow targeted populations to comprehend and use it more efficiently than the source language, but which has also been carefully designed to retain full bidirectional machine translation equivalence to the source language. All use of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics for machine translation as taught in the present invention is constrained by these considerations.

Method and apparatus for performing full bidirectional translation between a source language and a linked alternative language

A method is provided for removing contaminants, such as sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen halides, out of a gas, such as an exhaust gas from a coal or oil fired burner, by injecting a bisulfite containing solution into the gas so that the bisulfite reacts with the sulfur trioxide and/or hydrogen halides in the gas to produce salts and sulfur dioxide, or by injecting a sulfite containing solution into the gas so that the sulfite reacts the sulfur dioxide in the gas to produce bisulfite and this bisulfite reacts with the sulfur trioxide and/or hydrogen halides to result in the formation of salts and sulfur dioxide. The sulfur dioxide in the gas can be washed out of the gas in a downstream wet scrubber. By removing the sulfur trioxide and/or hydrogen halides out of the gas, corrosion of the gas scrubbing apparatus can be reduced.

Method for removing acid gases from flue gas

An efficient and cost-effective flue gas desulfurization apparatus for removing sulfur dioxide from waste gases is provided. The apparatus employs a substantially solids-free clear liquor scrubbing liquid and an, organic acid additive capable of maintaining a process pH of 4.5 to 6.0 under inhibited oxidation conditions in the absorber to accomplish sulfur dioxide removal while avoiding scale formation and encrustation. Calcium sulfite relative saturation is controlled to a desired low optimum level by maintaining the circulating calcium ion concentration at a corresponding, optimum low level. A smaller thickener unit area is required to produced calcium sulfite crystals with optimum settling and dewatering characteristics. A reactor system that promotes the formation of small, efficiently dewatered calcium sulfite solids is also provided.

Clear liquor organic acid flue gas desulfurization system

A wet, calcium-based flue gas desulfurization process conducted under inhibited oxidation conditions and in the presence of at least one organic acid which both enhances the efficiency of sulfur dioxide removal and modifies the crystal habit of calcium sulfite crystals to produce large, thick, regular, easily dewatered calcium sulfite hemihydrate byproduct solids is provided. The addition of an organic acid, preferably a carboxylic acid, to the flue gas desulfurization process produces calcium sulfite crystals that closely resemble calcium sulfate or gypsum crystals in settling and dewatering properties.

Byproduct solids crystal modification with organic acids in wet flue gas

An on-line control and monitoring system for automatically and continuously analyzing key process indicators in a wet lime/limestone flue gas desulfurization process is provided. The on-line control and monitoring system obtains a slurry and/or a slurry flitrate which is directed at selected fluid flow rates to one or more analytical devices each selected to analyze a flue gas desulfurization process indicator. Data is provided to a data acquisition system which processes the analysis results from the analytical devices and provides flue gas desulfurization process control information. This on-line monitoring and control system can be used to monitor and control the addition rate of performance enhancement additives such as organic acids, thiosulfate, oxidation air and the like.

On-line control and monitoring system for wet lime/limestone flue gas

An efficient and cost-effective flue gas desulfurization process for removing sulfur dioxide from waste gases is provided. The process employs a substantially solids-free clear liquor scrubbing liquid and an organic acid additive capable of maintaining a process pH of 4.5 to 6.0 under inhibited oxidation conditions in the absorber to accomplish sulfur dioxide removal while avoiding scale formation and encrustation. Calcium sulfite relative saturation is controlled to a desired low optimum level by maintaining the circulating calcium ion concentration at a corresponding optimum low level. A smaller thickener unit area is required to produce calcium sulfite crystals with optimum settling and dewatering characteristics. A reactor system that promotes the formation of small, efficiently dewatered calcium sulfite solids is also provided.

Clear liquid acid flue gas desulfurization system

A continuous filtration system for supplying an uninterrupted supply of filtrate from a solids-containing industrial process suitable for use by on-line automatic analyzers is provided. The continuous filtration system, which is particularly useful for filtering flue gas desulfurization process slurry to produce a solids-free filtrate for autoanalysis, includes a pair of filters connected in series which concurrently receive a tangential flow of slurry into the filter head that is discharged perpendicularly through a filtrate head. An automatic flushing system is provided to keep the filter membranes free of solid particles. An optional autoanalyzer for unfiltered slurry may also be included in the system.

Two continuous filtration system for supplying filtrate to automatic

A flue gas desulfurization process and system employing a clear scrubbing liquor and an organic acid buffer conducted under forced oxidation conditions to produce a usable gypsum by-product without scrubber scaling and abrasion is provided. Calcium ion concentration and chloride concentration are suppressed to improve limestone utilization, reduce the consumption of organic acids and improve crystal growth. The FGD system includes a limestone reactor for precipitating gypsum separate from the scrubber system which allows the recovery of pure carbon dioxide and a clarifier/softener tank which allows the production of gypsum-free clear scrubbing liquor and a drier gypsum filter cake.

Clear liquor scrubbing of sulfur dioxide with forced oxidation in flue

An improved magnesium-enhanced lime flue gas desulfurization system is provided which produces the high sulfur dioxide removal level of previous magnesium-enhanced lime flue gas desulfurization systems and additionally produce waste solids that have significantly better properties and are more easily dewatered than the solids produced by known systems. The magnesium-enhanced lime flue gas desulfurization system of the present invention includes a crystallizer-clarifier reaction tank (CCRT) which receives scrubber effluent and functions as a combined reaction tank and thickener. Clear liquor from the CCRT is sent to a scrubber to scrub the flue gas, and a portion of the CCRT--thickened solids are directed to a high pH premix slurry tank (PMST) where the crystallization environment can be controlled by reagent addition and pH. The PMST contents are circulated to the CCRT and are separated to produce a waste solids fraction that is easily dewatered. A fines removal system may also be employed to reduce the presence of fine solids and promote large crystal solids.

Clear liquor scrubbing magnesium-enhanced lime flue gas desulfurization

An improved wet magnesium-enhanced lime flue gas desulfurization system and process are provided. The magnesium-enhanced lime slurry process for removing sulfur dioxide from flue gas to produce gas that is substantially free from sulfur dioxide and calcium and sulfite-containing waste solids is modified to include the addition of process reagents to a separate premix slurry tank which has a controlled, high pH. The addition of slurry formed from the scrubber effluent to the premix slurry tank is controlled to maintain the pH above 10. The premix slurry tank mixture is circulated to a reaction tank for reaction with the scrubber effluent to produce large crystal, easily dewatered waste solids.

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Palo Alto, CA, United States of America

Robert E Moser