Occidental Research Corporation

Occidental Oil Shale, Inc.

Cyprus Mines Corporation

Babcock-brown Boveri Reaktor Gmbh

Robert D Stewart

Norman O Clark

Yew C Chang

Finely divided, wet-ground, dispersant-free calcium carbonate filler or pigment compositions are disclosed in which the particles of calcium carbonate are distributed in particular amounts in a particular fashion--broadly stated: in fine particle size distribution. Such compositions are useful in aqueous slurry or dry form as opacifying fillers for paper.

Finely divided calcium carbonate compositions

A process for transfer by extraction, of at least one species from a fluid phase to a first liquid phase receptive to such species, comprises intimately contacting the fluid phase with an emulsion of the first liquid phase in a second liquid phase which is permeable with respect to such species and substantially immiscible in the first liquid phase. The emulsion is stabilized by the second liquid phase containing at least one substantially insoluble particulate solid which is substantially non-reactive to constituents contained in each of such phases in an amount sufficient to form a stable emulsion. Transfer of the species is from the fluid phase through the second solids--containing liquid phase to the first liquid phase. In one embodiment, the first liquid phase is lean with respect to the species to be extracted. In another embodiment, mass action is utilized to maintain a driving force by counter-transport of a different ion. Where all phases are liquid, one phase is regarded as the bulk phase and the first liquid phase termed the internal phase is contained in a surrounding membrane of the solids-containing second liquid phase or the external phase. Transfer may be from the bulk to the first liquid phase or vice versa. The bulk and internal phases are normally aqueous in nature.

Extraction process using solid stabilized emulsions

A process for transfer by extraction, of at least one species from a fluid phase to a first liquid phase receptive to such species, comprises intimately contacting the fluid phase with an emulsion of the first liquid phase in a second liquid phase which is permeable with respect to such species and substantially immiscible in the first liquid phase. The emulsion is stabilized by the second liquid phase containing at least one substantially insoluble particulate solid which is substantially non-reactive to constituents contained in each of such phases in an amount sufficient to form a stable emulsion. Transfer of the species is from the fluid phase through the second solids-containing liquid phase to the first liquid phase. In one embodiment, the first liquid phase is lean with respect to the species to be extracted. In another embodiment, mass action is utilized to maintain a driving force by counter-transport of a different ion. Where all phases are liquid, one phase is regarded as the bulk phase and the first liquid phase termed the internal phase is contained in a surrounding membrane of the solids-containing second liquid phase or the external phase. Transfer may be from the bulk to the first liquid phase or vice versa. The bulk and internal phases are normally aqueous in nature.

Extraction by solid stabilized emulsions

Leaching of water-soluble constituents from particles containing treated oil shale and including oxides of alkaline earth metals, such as particles in an in situ oil shale retort, is inhibited by contacting the particles with carbon dioxide in the presence of water for a sufficient time to produce a substantially water-insoluble and/or impermeable barrier of carbonates of alkaline earth metals at the surface of the particles.

Growing community of inventors

Yorba Linda, CA, United States of America

Robert D Stewart