Other

Taser International, Inc.

Marquette Electronics

Robert A Stratbucker

Michael J Cudahy

A system and method provide immediate monitoring of a physiological function, such as ECG, of a subject before, during, or after application of an electric shock intended to temporarily incapacitate the subject. The electric shock may be delivered via at least one electrode ballistically implanted into the subject's skin. Systems and methods may further include performing time domain and/or frequency domain analysis of the results of monitoring, recording results of monitoring and/or analysis, and preventing follow-on shocks, or altering energy characterizing parameters of follow-on electric shocks so as to lessen the risk of injury to the subject, such as cardiac malfunction.

Systems and methods for incapacitation using biofeedback

Disclosed is a system and method providing immediate monitoring of physiological parameters, such as cardiac function, during or after application of electric shock to temporarily incapacitate a subject via at least one electrode ballistically implanted into the subject's skin, including altering of energy characterized parameters based upon said monitored physiological parameters.

Safe and efficient electrically based intentional incapacitation device comprising biofeedback means to improve performance and lower risk to subjects

Disclosed is a bio-electic interface adapter with at least two large area defibrilation electrodes and sufficient smaller precordial electrodes present therein to allow standard twelve lead ECG monitoring. The defibrillation electrodes can be affixed to the bioelectric interface via perforations, or by a functionally similar approach, to allow easy detachment in use. The bioelectric interface adaptor preferably has an undulated outer edge geometry, and provides electrodes for forming limb leads, optionally allowing use of the defibrillation electrodes as Right Arm and Left Leg electrodes. Limb lead forming electrodes are preferable affixed via perforations, or by a functionally similar approach, to allow easy detachment and deployment to conventional limb electrode locations, in use.

Bio-electic interface adapter with twelve-lead ECG capability and provision for defibrillation

Disclosed is a bioelectric interface containing at least two electrodes and which is characterized as a support sheet with such attributes as an undulated outer edge, and/or with holes therethrough which allow access to a subject's ski in use, and/or with perforations therein which allow easy detaching and deployment of electrodes therefrom is disclosed. The preferred version has all electrodes necessary to perform twelve lead ECG monitoring. The bioelectric interface includes an adhesive sheet in functional combination with the support sheet, which adhesive sheet simultaneously presents with, preferably, scrim and/or slit effected essentially anisotropic specific impedance properties in combination with essentially isotropic mechanical pliability and adhesion properties. The electrodes are affixed to the support sheet in a manner such that their relative positions with respect to one another are essentially fixed. The present invention also provides for spring-loaded electrode contact improving access.

Bioelectric interface

A bioelectric interface is disclosed which provides three Einthoven triangle equivalent lead forming electrodes positioned on a subject's chest so as to provide a Wilson common terminal voltage essentially equivalent to that provided by an Einthoven triangle formed using leads positioned conventionally on a subject's limbs. Wilson common terminal forming resistors can be of fixed values or variable to allow adjustment of a produced Wilson common terminal voltage. Additional precordial electrodes are also typiclaly present. Electrodes can consist of single elements or groups of electrode elements, and are present in locational regions of the bioelectric interface which allow a single size system to fit to patients with various sized bodies. The electrodes can be of various physical shapes to allow not only direct signal measurement, but also to allow monitoring of high frequency content of signals and to allow enhanced resolution of a region from which measured signals originate. In addition, the present invention bioelectric interface is preferably held in place on a subject's chest with hydropolymer, and need not be removed to allow cardio-pulmonary-resuscitation, defibrillation, cardiac pacing, electro surgery, electro ablation or impedance cardiography to be performed, and it serves to preserve the relative spatial integrity of the positioning of the electrodes present during use. The presence of a number of spatially separated electrocardiogram system electrodes facilitates reduction of the adverse electrode edge effects when defibrillation is performed through the bioelectric interface.

Electrocardiograph bioelectric interface system and method of use

A bioelectric interface is disclosed which provides a plurality of electrodes affixed to an adhesive sheet which demonstrates electrode isolating anisotropic electrical specific impedance properties simultaneous with isotropic pliability and adhesion mechanical properties. The bioelectric interface can be configured to provide electrodes positioned for use in, for instance, twelve lead (ECG) systems as well as in any other configuration. Groups of electrodes can be present in certain locational regions to allow single sized systems to fit to patients with various sized bodies. The electrodes can be of various physical shapes to allow not only direct signal measurement, but also to allow monitoring of high frequency content of signals and to allow enhanced resolution of a region from which measured signals originate. When present, extra electrodes in a group thereof can be used for purposes, such as cardiac pacing. In addition, the present invention bioelectric interface need not be removed to allow cardio-pulmonary-resuscitation or defibrillation to be performed, and it serves to preserve the relative spacial integrity of the positioning of the electrodes present during use.

Anisotropic adhesive multiple electrode system, and method of use

A method of monitoring natural electrical impulses from a patient's heart, and providing appropriate therapeutic electrical impulses to a patient's heart comprising the steps of placing on the patient's chest an electrode pad having a plurality of electrode sites arranged such that at least one electrode site is disposed sufficiently near the patient's right arm to intercept an adequate right arm signal, at least one electrode site is disposed sufficiently near the patient's left arm to intercept an adequate left arm signal, and a plurality of additional electrode sites disposed approximately therebetween. The method also includes the steps of measuring voltage differences between pairs and combinations of the electrode sites for providing ECG signals, monitoring the ECG signals, determining if cardiac pacing is required, determining whether atrial or ventricle pacing is most efficacious and providing pacing signals to the favored electrodes, connecting a proper combination of the remaining electrodes to provide an optimal return path for the pacing signal, providing an appropriate defibrillation current through a first plurality of the electrode sites if the ECG signals indicate defibrillation is required, and coupling a second plurality of electrode sites to provide a return path for the defibrillation current.

Growing community of inventors

Omaha, NE, United States of America

Robert A Stratbucker