University of California

Analog Devices,inc.

Onix Microsystems, Inc.

Robert A Conant

David Horsley

William Albert Clark

Richard S Muller

Kam-Yin Lau

Jocelyn T Nee

Behrang Behin

Meng-Hsiung Kiang

Michael J Daneman

Satinderpall S Pannu

David Lerner

A staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive includes a stationary combteeth assembly and a moving combteeth assembly with a mirror and a torsional hinge. The moving combteeth assembly is positioned entirely above the stationary combteeth assembly by a predetermined vertical displacement during a combdrive state. A method of fabricating the staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive includes the step of deep trench etching a stationary combteeth assembly in a first wafer. A second wafer is bonded to the first wafer to form a sandwich including the first wafer, an oxide layer, and the second wafer. A moving combteeth assembly is formed in the second wafer. The moving combteeth assembly includes a mirror and a torsional hinge. The moving combteeth assembly is separated from the first wafer by the oxide layer. The oxide layer is subsequently removed to release the staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive.

Staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive and method of forming same

A beam steering module comprised of a mirror stack array in close proximity to a collimator array controllably steers photons along two axis and in a direction substantially less than 90 degrees to the collimator orientation. Several configurations of the module are described using single and double axis mirror rotation and relay optics. Optical telecommunications switches are shown using modules coupled to each other along flat and curved surfaces, with and without use of fold mirror and enabling a plurality of configuration options including photodetector optical power monitoring schemes that require no external power taps.

Three dimensional optical switches and beam steering modules

Methods and apparatus for varying and measuring the position of a micromachined electrostatic actuator using a pulse width modulated (PWM) pulse train are disclosed. One or more voltage pulses are applied to the actuator. In each of the pulses, a voltage changes from a first state to a second state and remains in the second state for a time tbefore returning to the first state. The position of the actuator may be varied by varying the time &#x394;t. A position of the actuator may be determined by measuring a capacitance of the actuator when the voltage changes state, whether the time t is varied or not. An apparatus for varying the position of a MEMS device may include a pulse width modulation generator coupled to the MEMS device an integrator coupled to the MEMS device and an analog-to-digital converter coupled to the integrator. The integrator may measure a charge transferred during a transition of a pulse from the pulse generator. The integrator may include an amplifier, an integrator capacitor, a hold capacitor, a compensation voltage generator and three switches. The hold capacitor and integrator capacitor may be coupled to a MEMS device. The integrator capacitor, hold capacitor, and compensation voltage generator may be selectively coupled to the amplifier by two of the switches. The MEMS device and hold capacitor may be selectively coupled to ground by a third switch.

PWM-based measurement interface for a micro-machined electrostatic actuator

A staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive includes a stationary combteeth assembly and a moving combteeth assembly with a mirror and a torsional hinge. The moving combteeth assembly is positioned entirely above the stationary combteeth assembly by a predetermined vertical displacement during a combdrive resting state. A method of fabricating the staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive includes the step of deep trench etching a stationary combteeth assembly in a first wafer. A second wafer is bonded to the first wafer to form a sandwich including the first wafer, an oxide layer, and the second wafer. A moving combteeth assembly is formed in the second wafer. The moving combteeth assembly includes a mirror and a torsional hinge. The moving combteeth assembly is separated from the first wafer by the oxide layer. The oxide layer is subsequently removed to release the staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive.

Methods and apparatus for varying and measuring the position of a micromachined electrostatic actuator using a pulse width modulated (PWM) pulse train are disclosed. One or more voltage pulses are applied to the actuator. In each of the pulses, a voltage changes from a first state to a second state and remains in the second state for a time t before returning to the first state. The position of the actuator may be varied by varying the time &Dgr;t . A position of the actuator may be determined by measuring a capacitance of the actuator when the voltage changes state, whether the time t is varied or not. An apparatus for varying the position of a MEMS device may include a pulse width modulation generator coupled to the MEMS device an integrator coupled to the MEMS device and an analog-to-digital converter coupled to the integrator. The integrator may measure a charge transferred during a transition of a pulse from the pulse generator. The integrator may include an amplifier, an integrator capacitor, a hold capacitor, a compensation voltage generator and three switches. The hold capacitor and integrator capacitor may be coupled to a MEMS device. The integrator capacitor, hold capacitor, and compensation voltage generator may be selectively coupled to the amplifier by two of the switches. The MEMS device and hold capacitor may be selectively coupled to ground by a third switch.

Growing community of inventors

Berkeley, CA, United States of America

Robert A Conant