Nokia Corporation

Risto H S Kaunisto

Anders Eriksson

Saska J Lindfors

Liangge Xu

Kari Stadius

Jussi Ryynanen

Tapio Ilmari Rapinoja

Jari Kinaret

Eleanor Campbell

Andreas Isacsson

Sang-Wook Lee

Described is an apparatus that includes a frequency source and a plurality of time domain direct digital synthesizers each having an input connected to an output of the frequency source and an output providing an output frequency signal. A particular time domain direct digital synthesizer includes a sigma-delta modulator that functions as a second order multi-stage noise shaping sigma-delta modulator. In one exemplary embodiment sigma-delta modulator outputs provide a unitary-weighted word used to switch certain unit capacitors that comprise part of a delay modulator to produce a time-varying delay having a time-averaged value that directly corresponds to a binary value appearing on a plurality of phase accumulator outputs.

Frequency synthesizer having a plurality of independent output tones

A nanotube apparatus is described. The apparatus includes a first electrode having a first edge. An array of nanotubes distributed in a closed path are also included. The closed path surrounds the first electrode and adjacent to the first edge. The closed path is also locally straight. Each of the nanotubes has an end that is free to oscillate. The apparatus also includes a second electrode having a second edge surrounding both the first electrode and the array of nanotubes. Methods are also described.

Apparatus, method, and computer program product providing edgeless carbon nanotube resonator arrays

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Espoo, Finland

Risto H S Kaunisto