Leland Stanford Junior University

University of Washington

Richard S Cox

Henry M Levy

Steven Gribble

Martin J Murphy

Jacob Gorm Hansen

A Web browsing system using a browser operating system (BOS), which provides a trusted software layer on which Web browsers execute. The BOS runs the client-side component of each Web application (e.g., on-line banking, and Web mail) in its own virtual machine, which provides strong isolation between Web services and the user's local resources. Web publishers can thus limit the scope of their Web applications by specifying the URLs and other resources that their browsers are allowed to access, which limits the harm that can be caused by a compromised browser. Web applications are treated as first-class objects that users explicitly install and manage, giving them explicit knowledge about and control over downloaded content and code. An initial embodiment implemented using Linux and the Xen virtual machine monitor has been shown to prevent or contain about 87% of the vulnerabilities that have been identified in a conventional web browser environment.

Web browser operating system

This invention describes a method for aligning radiation therapy beams with a treatment target of a patient. Diagnostic computer tomography scanning is used to map the treatment target in the patient's anatomy and to aid physicians in deciding where to aim the radiation therapy beams. Digitally reconstructed radiographs are generated from an intermediate 3-D image produced from the CT scans. These DRRs are compared with x-ray images taken of the treatment target's position taken at the time of treatment. A transformation equation is used to compare the DRRs and the x-ray images. A minimization equation is used to determine the similarity between the two sets of images. If the difference between the two sets fall below a determined minimum value, then the position of the treatment target is deemed correct and the radiation therapy begins. If the difference does not fall below the determined minimum value, then either the radiation beams or the treatment target is adjusted and the process is repeated. This procedure may be used many times in the course of a single treatment session, depending on the movement of the patient.

Growing community of inventors

San Francisco, CA, United States of America

Richard S Cox