California Institute of Technology

United States of America As Represented by the Administrator of Nasa

USA As Represented by Secretary of the Navy

Richard Robert Hofer

Dan M Goebel

Ira Katz

Ryan W Conversano

Ioannis G Mikellides

Edward P Gorzkowski, Iii

James A Wollmershauser

Donald B Bickler

Bryan William McEnerney

Katherine T Faber

Ronnie M Watkins

David Manzella

David T Jacobson

Benjamin Alexander Jorns

Celia S Chari

Saverio A D'Agostino

Jacob B Simmonds

Robert B Lobbia

Leanne Su

Robert S Jankovsky

John R Brophy

Peter Peterson

Systems and methods for a low cost and simple to manufacture gas distributor for use as an anode in an electric propulsion (EP) system are presented. According to one aspect, the gas distributor is a single integrated structure made of a single material, including graphite or steel. The gas distributor includes an annular shape with axial symmetry about a center axis. The gas distributor includes an upstream gas channel region and a downstream gas diffuser region. The gas channel region includes a circumferential hollow region, and two sets of axial holes arranged at respective radial positions. A radial cross section of the gas distributor includes an upstream opening corresponding to the hollow region of the gas channel region and a downstream triangular shape corresponding to the gas diffuser region. A radial extension of the triangular shape axially interferes with the two sets of axial holes.

Gas distributor for electric propulsion systems

Aspects disclosed herein include graphite and hexagonal boron nitride bimaterials, methods of making these bimaterials, and electric propulsion devices or thrusters with these bimaterials. Aspects disclosed herein include electric propulsion devices comprising: at least one portion comprising or formed of a monolithic bimaterial; wherein the monolithic bimaterial comprises a graphite material and a hexagonal boron nitride material; and wherein the graphite material and hexagonal boron nitride material are monolithically integrated in the bimaterial.

Graphite/hexagonal boron nitride bimaterials for electric propulsion

A low-power Hall thruster gains significantly improved efficiency by a combination of features, including a single piece, h-shaped magnetic screen which enables a more efficient internal volume utilization as well as optimal magnetic shielding; an internally mounted cathode with varying diameter further decreases the footprint of the thruster; an anode with multiple baffles connected by axially oriented holes generates a highly azimuthally uniform propellant flow.

Low-power hall thruster with an internally mounted low-current hollow cathode

A Hall thruster is configured to reduce or eliminate pole erosion by electrically tying the cathode to the thruster chassis body. The electrical connection controls the ion energy hence reducing erosion at the pole. In a different configuration, the cathode is biased by a power supply, allowing further control of the ion energy and the elimination of pole erosion, thus increasing the thruster's operational lifetime.

Hall effect thruster electrical configuration

A Hall thruster apparatus having walls constructed from a conductive material, such as graphite, and having magnetic shielding of the walls from the ionized plasma has been demonstrated to operate with nearly the same efficiency as a conventional nonmagnetically shielded design using insulators as wall components. The new design is believed to provide the potential of higher power and uniform operation over the operating life of a thruster device.

Metallic wall hall thrusters

Disclosed herein is a lubrication device comprising a solid lubricant disposed between and in contact with a first electrode and a second electrode dimensioned and arranged such that application of an electric potential between the first electrode and the second electrode sufficient to produce an electric arc between the first electrode and the second electrode to produce a plasma in an ambient atmosphere at an ambient pressure which vaporizes at least a portion of the solid lubricant to produce a vapor stream comprising the solid lubricant. Methods to lubricate a surface utilizing the lubrication device in-situ are also disclosed.

Pulsed plasma lubrication device and method

A Hall thruster apparatus having walls constructed from a conductive material, such as graphite, and having magnetic shielding of the walls from the ionized plasma has been demonstrated to operate with nearly the same efficiency as a conventional non-magnetically shielded design using insulators as wall components. The new design is believed to provide the potential of higher power and uniform operation over the operating life of a thruster device.

The invention is a Hall thruster that incorporates a discharge chamber having a variable area channel including an ionization zone, a transition region, and an acceleration zone. The variable area channel is wider through the acceleration zone than through the ionization zone. An anode is located in a vicinity of the ionization zone and a cathode is located in a vicinity of the acceleration zone. The Hall thruster includes a magnetic circuit which is capable of forming a local magnetic field having a curvature within the transition region of the variable area channel whereby the transition region conforms to the curvature of the local magnetic field. The Hall thruster optimizes the ionization and acceleration efficiencies by the combined effects of the variable area channel and magnetic conformity.

Magnetically-conformed, variable area discharge chamber for hall thruster, and method

An apparatus and method for achieving an efficient central cathode in a Hall effect thruster is disclosed. A hollow insert disposed inside the end of a hollow conductive cathode comprises a rare-earth element and energized to emit electrons from an inner surface. The cathode employs an end opening having an area at least as large as the internal cross sectional area of the rare earth insert to enhance throughput from the cathode end. In addition, the cathode employs a high aspect ratio geometry based on the cathode length to width which mitigates heat transfer from the end. A gas flow through the cathode and insert may be impinged by the emitted electrons to yield a plasma. One or more optional auxiliary gas feeds may also be employed between the cathode and keeper wall and external to the keeper near the outlet.

Compact high current rare-earth emitter hollow cathode for hall effect thrusters

A Hall effect plasma accelerator includes inner and outer electromagnets, circumferentially surrounding the inner electromagnet along a thruster centerline axis and separated therefrom, inner and outer magnetic conductors, in physical connection with their respective inner and outer electromagnets, with the inner magnetic conductor having a mostly circular shape and the outer magnetic conductor having a mostly annular shape, a discharge chamber, located between the inner and outer magnetic conductors, a magnetically conducting back plate, in magnetic contact with the inner and outer magnetic conductors, and a combined anode electrode/gaseous propellant distributor, located at a bottom portion of the discharge chamber. The inner and outer electromagnets, the inner and outer magnetic conductors and the magnetically conducting back plate form a magnetic circuit that produces a magnetic field that is largely axial and radially symmetric with respect to the thruster centerline.

Growing community of inventors

Monrovia, CA, United States of America

Richard Robert Hofer