W. R. Grace & Co.

Other

Richard N Hill

Steven T Mayer

Evan E Patton

Robert J Contolini

Moises G Sanchez

Steve Taatjes

Jon Reid

Charles D Hill

Alain Harrus

An electrochemical reactor is used to electrofill damascene architecture for integrated circuits. A shield is used to screen the applied field during electroplating operations to compensate for potential drop along the radius of a wafer. The shield establishes an inverse potential drop in the electrolytic fluid to overcome the resistance of a thin film seed layer of copper on the wafer.

Method and apparatus for uniform electroplating of integrated circuits using a variable field shaping element

A duffel bag including an insert which comprises a rigid base upon which are pivotally supported a pair of struts which can be raised into generally vertical operative positions for supporting the side walls of the bag to prevent them from collapsing. Detents are provided for holding the struts in operative position. The struts are movable into generally horizontal, inoperative positions in which they have been folded down to positions adjacent the base.

Insert for soft-sided duffel bag

The roof of an automotive vehicle is provided with a pair of rails each of which has an upwardly facing slot. A pair of roof rack bars are each provided with an upwardly facing slot and a downwardly facing slot. A pair of roof engaging foot brackets are connected to opposite ends of each bar. A pair of angle members are secured to each bar. A pair of threaded studs extends through clearance holes in each angle member. The lower ends of the studs have enlarged heads which are inserted in the upper slot in a rail and turned into locking position. The upper ends of the studs are provided with flats to indicate the position of the heads. First nuts are threaded on the upper ends of the studs and have spherical surfaces engaging spherical surfaces on the angle members. Cotter pins fit within slots in the first nuts and holes in the angle member. Second nuts are threaded on the lower ends of the studs to engage and hold rail engaging members in position. Padlocks engage security members to prevent the device from being disengaged from the rails. Each security member includes a pin which is received within a slot in one of the first nuts.

Mounting structure for roof rack support members

A pair of spaced rigid support members each has a pair of depending walls defining an upwardly opening slot therebetween. A first flexible strap is permanently connected at one end to a first rigid member, and a second flexible strap is permanently connected at one end to a second rigid member. The opposite ends of the straps are adjustably connected to one another by a buckle. Each rigid member has opposite edges each of which has an opening therein defining a recess which is complementary to and receives the lower end of one of the walls of a support member. The rigid members are inserted through the slot in a support member and then turned ninety degrees so that the lower ends of the walls of the support member engage the recesses in the rigid members when the straps are tightened to lock the rigid members to the support member.

Exterior luggage system for automotive vehicles

A pair of rigid supports each have an upper slot and a lower slot. Strap brackets are adjustably mounted in the upper slots and support members are adjustably mounted in the lower slots. Straps extend around luggage and engage the brackets to retain the luggage in place. Stop members depend from the luggage and engage the supports. Spacer means is connected between the supports. Collapsible luggage includes a rigid bottom supporting U-shaped spring wire struts connected to one another by a connecting bar. A cloth shell is stretched over the bottom and the struts. Dividers are provided within the luggage. A rain cover includes overlapping waterproof portions. A one piece molded nose cone has a tapered forward surface to reduce wind resistance and includes a channel in its forward surface for receiving a strap. Flexible straps include a pair of strap portions each having one end connected to a rigid member and the opposite ends of the strap portions are connected to one another by a buckle. The rigid members fit within slots on the supports and are engageable with portions of the supports.

Foam generated during the digestion of phosphate rock is removed from the slurry either by overflow, mechanical sweeps, or by vacuum from strategically located nozzles connected to vacuum lines. The foam, after liquefaction, is returned to the filter where it results in improved filtration and return of soluble P.sub.2 O.sub.5.

Foam control during production of phosphoric acid

The Hill process for control of post-precipitation in wet process phosphoric acid can be made to work on low-iron phosphate rock, without the need of added perlite or other aluminum silicate.

Post precipitation control of low-iron phosphoric acid, without perlite

Wet-process phosphoric acid products substantially free of post precipitation.

Stabilized wet process phosphoric acid

Aeration of Hill phosphoric acid, preferably with perlite, and preferably with a chemical oxidant, e.g., H.sub.2 O.sub.2. Gives good post-precipitation control with high-iron phosphate rock, even in winter conditions.

Aeration of phosphoric acid

In the Hill phosphoric acid process the crystallizer underflow is divided into a major stream and a minor stream. The major stream goes to the clarifier and the minor stream to the aluminum silicate addition vessel.

Phosphoric acid crystallizer underflow return

Improvement in the Hill phosphoric acid process. Fe.sup.++ in high iron feed is oxidized to Fe.sup.+++ to improve post-precipitation characteristics, optionally, a minor stream from the crystallizer is returned to the oxidation zone.

Oxidative control of post precipitation in phosphoric acid

Prevention of re-post precipitation in concentrated wet process phosphoric acid by heating the acid at 55.degree. to 85.degree. C. thereby to dissolve solids without substantial re-post precipitation.

Re-post precipitation control

This invention is directed to improvements in making wet process phosphoric acid substantially free from post-precipitation. The improvements include recycling to the reaction train a side stream produced by the process; cooling one or more of the streams of the process; and/or addition of sulfuric acid to an evaporator.

Production of stabilized wet process phosphoric acid

Improvement in the reduction of Mg, Ca, Na, K and Al in crude phosphoric acid using an ion exchange resin bed, comprising preclarifying the feed acid with flocculant polymer and placing a filter aid precoat on the resin bed. As part of the preclarification process, a compatible soluble sodium compound, such as sodium carbonate, is added to the feed acid to speed the flocculation process.

Reduction of magnesium and other cations in phosphoric acid

Settling clarifier for liquids carrying suspended solids, having a two-slope bottom section, with central stilling well for feed, rake system, clear overflow exit means, and sludge underflow means.

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Lakeland, FL, United States of America

Richard N Hill