Extranuclear Laboratories, Inc.

Other

Extrel Corporation

Richard L Myers

Wade L Fite

Richard T Brackmann

Edward L McCall

Sanjai K Bijawat

A motorcycle trailer has a wheeled frame which may be hitched to and unhitched from a towing motorcycle. The frame has a towbar which is movable from a projected position in which it may be hitched to the motorcycle to a retracted position in which it underlies the frame. The frame or the towbar has a handle which may be grasped by a person to enable the frame and the container conjointly to be towed by a person in a manner similar to that of a wheeled suitcase. When unhitched from the motorcycle, the frame and container may be maintained in either an upright or horizontal position.

Motorcycle trailer construction

Fluids entrapped in small confined within spaces of an object are analyzed by securing the object containing the confined space by epoxy to a small fitting over a notch applied on the object's surface adjacent to the confined space, the fitting being a slidable seal attached to a small tube which has a piercing device adapted to move with the small tube relative to the fitting and the object containing the confined space to puncture same through the notch, whereby the entrapped gaseous fluid in the confined space emerges into the fitting and small tube, the entire system being a sealed enclosure. Attached to the small tube is a capillary which leads to an analyzing device, such as a mass spectrometer. The small tube fitting and capillary are sufficiently small in volume and configured so that gaseous fluid from the now ruptured confined space flows in a viscous condition from the object to the analyzing device and is in contact with minimal surface area to minimize any adsorption effects which would change the contents of the fluid sample. No elastomer O-rings or other materials known for their adsorption affinities insofar as substances of interest in the contents of the fluid emerging from the confined space are used. A heated chamber may receive the object having the confined space, the small tube including the penetrating device attached thereto and the capillary tube. One valve connected to the tube is provided for purging the system and for admitting calibration gases from an appropriate gas handling system. Confined spaces of interest may be in electronic devices, glasses as well as other solids which entrap fluids that it is desired to analyze.

Method and apparatus for analyzing encapsulated vapors

Surface ionization technique for detection of airborne particles whereby each particle is pyrolyzed on a hot surface, releasing its chemical constituents, some of which are ionized at the surface, creating a burst of ions that denote the particle's presence. The hot surface is a catalytic material deposited on an inert substrate heated by an internal heating element. Inert substrates are selected to provide mechanical strength, reduce microphonic noise and make a large catalytic surface area achievable, and hence permit high sensitivity while employing reduced quantities of catalytic materials. By locating the heater within the substrate, its electrical parameters are such that the heater power supply can be simplified. The pulses during 'on' parts of the 'on-off' cycles are filtered out and not counted. In one embodiment the hot sensor surface is biased to a high voltage by a high bias resistor and is coupled to a pulse-counting preamplifier through a capacitor. When there is a burst of positive ions from a heated sensor surface, it causes an immediate drop in the bias voltage which cannot be immediately replaced through the biasing resistor. The result is a negative pulse at a preamp proportional to the number of ions in the pulse which is not affected by what ultimately happens to the ions in a turbulent airstream. Heating is accomplished by a current which is alternating 'on' 'off'.

Method and apparatus surface ionization particulate detectors

A method and apparatus for monitoring particulates which are borne by a surrounding gaseous medium, such as found in smokestack or the like, through interception of the particulates by a hot filament having a bias potential in the range of about 100 to 1000 volts whereupon each particulate decomposes into a burst of ions which is collected by a nearby electrode at ground potential, by counting those bursts which produce a predetermined total charge and, at the same time, measuring the DC electric current produced by the bursts and other ion exchange between the hot filament and the electrode. The filament operates at a temperature level wherein infrared and visible radiations are emitted, such radiations being monitored by a phototransistor which receives the radiations. The electrical signal from the phototransistor is employed in a feedback loop whereby the power to the filament is either increased or decreased to maintain the detected radiation level and therefore the filament temperature at a prescribed value.

Surface ionization monitor for particulates and method

A method and apparatus for monitoring particulates which are borne by a surrounding gaseous medium, such as found in smokestacks or the like, through interception of the particulates by a hot filament having a bias potential in the range of about 100 to 1000 volts whereupon each particulate decomposes into a burst of ions which is collected by a nearby electrode at ground potential, by counting those bursts which produce a predetermined total charge and, at the same time, measuring the DC electric current produced by the bursts and other ion exchange between the hot filament and the electrode. The filament operates at a temperature level wherein infrared and visible radiations are emitted, such radiations being monitored by a phototransistor which receives the radiations. The electrical signal from the phototransistor is employed in a feedback loop whereby the power to the filament is automatically either increased or decreased, and manually regulated within limits to maintain the detected radiation level and therefore the filament temperature at a prescribed value.

Method and apparatus for surface ionization monitor for particulates

The measurement of a dc current from ions produced in a surface ionization detector for particulates in combination with simultaneous particulate counting to differentiate between particulates above or below a predetermined size and total particulates present thus determining whether a given aerosol consists primarily of large particulates or very small particulates and providing general information about the particle size in an aerosol. The dc current measurement further provides surface ionization detection of particulates at densities which overload circuitry for pulse counting, whereby the dynamic range of the instrument is extended.

Method and apparatus for detection of extremely small particulate matter

A hot surface detector for heavy ions following their separation on the basis of charge-to-mass ratio. Upon striking the hot surface, the heavy ions decompose and give up their lighter constituent and/or impurity atoms and molecules to the surface. Those constituent and/or impurity atoms and molecules with ionization potentials or electron affinities comparable to the work function of the hot surface become surface ionized and are emitted from the surface as a burst of either positive or negative ions which are then detected by conventional means, including detection at an electrode, by an electron multiplier or by a mass spectrometric detector for light ions. Where negative ions are to be detected, a magnetic field is applied to prevent electrons from the hot surface from reaching the detector.

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Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Richard L Myers