Faradion Limited

Richard Heap

Jeremy Barker

Ruth Sayers

Noel Roche

The invention relates to O3/P2 mixed-phase sodium-containing doped layered oxide materials which comprise a mixture of a first phase with an O3-type structure and a second phase with a P2-type structure; wherein the O3:P2 mixed-phase sodium-containing doped layered oxide material has the general formula: NaAMMMMMO. The invention also provides a process for making such O3/P2 mixed-phase sodium-containing doped layered oxide materials, and use applications therefor.

O3/P2 mixed phase sodium-containing doped layered oxide materials

The invention relates to doped nickelate-containing compounds comprising AMMMMMOwherein A comprises either sodium or a mixed alkali metal in which sodium is the major constituent; Mis nickel in oxidation state greater than 0 to less than or equal to 4+, Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state greater than 0 to less than or equal to 4+, Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state greater than 0 to less than or equal to 4+, and Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state 3+ wherein 0&#x2264;a&#x3c;1, v&#x3e;0, at least one of w and y is &#x3e;0 x&#x2265;0, z&#x2265;0 wherein c is determined by a range selected from 0&#x3c;c&#x2264;0.1 and wherein (a, v, w, x, y, z and c) are chosen to maintain electroneutrality.

Doped nickelate compounds

The invention relates to electrodes that contain active materials of the formula: AMXOwherein A is one or more alkali metals selected from lithium, sodium and potassium; M is selected from one or more transition metals and/or one or more non-transition metals and/or one or more metalloids; X comprises one or more atoms selected from niobium, antimony, tellurium, tantalum, bismuth and selenium; and further wherein 0&#x3c;a&#x2264;6; b is in the range: 0&#x3c;b&#x2264;4; x is in the range 0&#x3c;x&#x2264;1 and y is in the range 2&#x2264;y&#x2264;10. Such electrodes are useful in, for example, sodium and/or lithium ion battery applications.

Metallate electrodes

The invention relates to electrodes comprising doped nickelate-containing compositions comprising a first component-type comprising one or more components with an O3 structure of the general formula: AMvMwMxMyMzOwherein A comprises one or more alkali metal selected from sodium, lithium and potassium Mis nickel in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, and Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 3+ wherein 0.85&#x2264;a&#x2264;1; 0&#x3c;v&#x3c;0.5; at least one of w and y is &#x3e;0; x&#x2265;0; z&#x2265;0; and wherein a, v, w, x, y and z are chosen to maintain electroneutrality; together with one or more component-types selected from a second component-type comprising one or more components with a P2 structure of the general formula: A'&#x3c;Mv&#x2032;Mw&#x2032;Mx&#x2032;&#x3c;My&#x2032;&#x3c;Mz&#x2032;Owherein A&#x2032; comprises one or more alkali metal selected from sodium, lithium and potassium; Mis nickel in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4&#x2212;, and Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 3+ wherein 0.4&#x2264;a&#x2032;&#x3c;1; 0&#x3c;v&#x2032;&#x3c;0.5; at least one of w&#x2032; and y&#x2032; is &#x3e;0; x&#x2032;&#x2265;0, preferably x&#x2032;&#x3e;0; z&#x2032;&#x3e;0; and wherein a&#x2032;, v&#x2032;, w&#x2032;, x&#x2032;, y&#x2032; and z&#x2032; are chosen to maintain electroneutrality; and a third component-type comprising one or more components with a P3 structure of the general formula: A&#x2033;M1&#x2033;M2&#x2033;MMMOwherein A&#x2033; comprises one or more alkali metals selected from sodium, lithium and potassium; Mis nickel in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 2&#x2212;, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, and Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 3+ wherein 0.4&#x2264;a&#x2033;&#x3c;1, 0&#x3c;v&#x2033;&#x3c;0.5, At least one of w&#x2033; and y&#x2033; is &#x3e;0; x&#x2033;&#x2265;0; z&#x2033;&#x2265;0; and wherein a&#x2033;, v&#x2033;, w&#x2033;, x&#x2033;, y&#x2033; and z&#x2033; are chosen to maintain electroneutrality.

Compositions containing doped nickelate compounds

The invention relates to doped nickelate-containing material with the general formula: AMMMMMOwherein A comprises one or more alkali metals selected from sodium, lithium and potassium; Mis nickel in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, and Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 3+ wherein 0.4&#x2264;a&#x3c;0.9, 0&#x3c;v&#x3c;0.5, at least one of w and y is &#x3e;0, x&#x3e;0, z&#x2265;0, 0&#x2264;&#x3b4;&#x2264;0.1, and wherein a, v, w, x, y and z are chosen to maintain electroneutrality.

Doped nickelate materials

The invention relates to electrodes comprising doped nickelate-containing compositions comprising a first component-type comprising one or more components with an 03 structure of the general formula: AMV MW MX My MZ Owherein A comprises one or more alkali metal selected from sodium, lithium and potassium; Mis nickel in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, and Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 3+ wherein 0.85&#x2264;a&#x2264;1; 0&#x3c;v&#x3c;0.5; at least one of w and y is &#x3e;0; x&#x2265;0; z&#x2265;0; and wherein a, v, w, x, y and z are chosen to maintain electroneutrality; together with one or more component-types selected from a second component-type comprising one or more components with a P2 structure of the general formula: A'&#x3c;M&#x2032; V&#x2032; M&#x2032; W&#x2032; M&#x2032; X&#x2032;&#x3c;Mwherein A&#x2032; comprises one or more alkali metal selected from sodium, lithium and potassium; Mis nickel in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, and Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 3+ wherein 0.4&#x2264;a&#x2032;&#x3c;1; 0&#x3c;v&#x2032;&#x3c;0.5; at least one of w&#x2032; and y&#x2032; is &#x3e;0; x&#x2032;&#x2265;0, preferably x&#x2032;&#x3e;0; z&#x2032;&#x3e;0; and wherein a&#x2032;, v&#x2032;, w&#x2032;, x&#x2032;, y&#x2032; and z&#x2032; are chosen to maintain electroneutrality; and a third component-type comprising one or more components with a P3 structure of the general formula: A&#x2033;M1&#x2033;M2&#x2033;MMMOwherein A&#x2033; comprises one or more alkali metals selected from sodium, lithium and potassium; Mis nickel in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, and Mcomprises one or more metals in oxidation state 3+ wherein 0.4&#x2264;a&#x2033;&#x3c;1, 0&#x3c;v&#x2033;&#x3c;0.5, At least one of w&#x2033; and y&#x2033; is &#x3e;0; x&#x2033;&#x2265;0; z&#x2033;&#x2265;0; and wherein a&#x2033;, v&#x2033;, w&#x2033;, x&#x2033;, y&#x2033; and z&#x2033; are chosen to maintain electroneutrality.

The invention relates to a novel solid state process for the preparation of metal-containing compounds comprising the steps i) forming a reaction mixture comprising one or more metal-containing precursor compounds and optionally one or more non-metal-containing reactants, and ii) using one or more hypophosphite-containing materials as a reducing agent; wherein one or more of the hypophosphite-containing materials is used as an agent to reduce one or more of the metal-containing precursor compounds; and further wherein the process is performed in the absence of an oxidizing atmosphere. Materials made by such a process are useful, for example, as electrode materials in alkali metal-ion battery applications.

Metal-containing compounds

The invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of metal-containing compounds comprising the steps of a) forming a mixture comprising i) elemental phosphorus and ii) one or more metal-containing precursor compounds, and b) heating the mixture to a temperature of at least 150&#xb0; C. Materials made by such a process are useful, for example, as electrode materials in alkali metal-ion battery applications.

The invention relates to novel electrodes containing one or more active materials comprising: AMMMMMO(Formula 1) wherein A comprises either sodium or a mixed alkali metal in which sodium is the constituent; Mis nickel in oxidation state less than or equal to 4+, Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state less than or equal to 4+, Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state 2+, Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state less than or equal to 4+, and Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state 3+ wherein 0&#x2266;a&#x2266;1 v&#x3e;0 at least one of w and y is &#x3e;0 x&#x2267;0 z&#x2267;0 c&#x3e;0.1 where (a, v, w, x, y, z and c) are chosen to maintain electroneutrality. Such materials are useful, for example, as electrode materials in sodium-ion battery applications.AMMMMMO&#x2003;&#x2003;(Formula)

The invention relates to novel materials of the formula: AMMMMMOwherein A is one or more alkali metals comprising sodium and/or potassium either alone or in a mixture with lithium as a minor constituent; Mis nickel in oxidation state +2; Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state +4 selected from one or more of manganese, titanium and zirconium; Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state +2, selected from one or more of magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc and cobalt; Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state +4, selected from one or more of titanium, manganese and zirconium; Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state +3, selected from one or more of aluminum, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, scandium and yttrium; wherein 0&#x2266;&#x3b4;&#x2266;0.1 V is in the range 0&#x3c;V&#x3c;0.5; W is in the range 0&#x3c;W&#x2266;0.5; X is in the range 0&#x2266;X&#x3c;0.5; Y is in the range 0&#x2266;Y&#x3c;0.5; Z is &#x2267;0; and further wherein V+W+X+Y+Z=1. Such materials are useful, for example, as electrode materials in sodium ion battery applications.

The invention relates to novel materials of the formula: AMMMMMOwherein A comprises one or more alkali metals selected from lithium, sodium and potassium; Mis nickel in oxidation state +2 Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state +4 selected from one or more of manganese, titanium and zirconium; Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state +2, selected from one or more of magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc and cobalt; Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state +4, selected from one or more of titanium, manganese and zirconium; Mcomprises a metal in oxidation state +3, selected from one or more of aluminum, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, scandium and yttrium; further wherein U is in the range 1&#x3c;U&#x3c;2; V is in the range 0.25&#x3c;V&#x3c;1; W is in the range 0&#x3c;W&#x3c;0.75; X is in the range 0&#x2266;X&#x3c;0.5; Y is in the range 0&#x2266;Y&#x3c;0.5; Z is in the range 0&#x2266;Z&#x3c;0.5; and further wherein (U+V+W+X+Y+Z)&#x2266;3. Such materials are useful, for example, as electrode materials in sodium and/or lithium ion battery applications.

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Oxford, United Kingdom

Richard Heap