Exxon Research and Engineering Company

Exxonmobil Research and Engineering Company

Exxonmobile Research and Engineering Company

Richard Frank Bauman

Robert J Wittenbrink

Paul Joseph Berlowitz

Daniel Francis Ryan

Bruce R Cook

Rocco A Fiato

Lonnie W Vernon

Stephen C Leviness

Charles W Degeorge

Min Chang

Steve J Hsia

John W Taunton

Fritz E Jacobs

Ken L Trachte

George H Anderson

Bruce Randal Cook

Robert Jay Wittenbrink

Ribbed heat exchange tubes in which the aspect ratio of the ribs is less than 5, provide greater indirect heat exchange than conventional heat exchange tubes with or without fins, when used in a slurry comprising a liquid phase, in which is dispersed flowing gas bubbles or particulate solids and flowing gas bubbles. The ribs, and typically also the longitudinal axis of the heat exchange tubes, are aligned in a direction parallel to, or spirally along the gas bubble flow direction. This is useful to increase either (i) the productivity of a slurry Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis reactor without an increase in the temperature in the reactor or (ii) increasing the production of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons by reducing the reaction temperature at a given feed conversion.

Increased heat exchange in two or three phase slurry

Diesel fuels or blending stocks having excellent lubricity, oxidative stability and high cetane number are produced from non-shifting Fischer-Tropsch processes by separating the Fischer-Tropsch product into a lighter and heavier fractions, e.g., at about 700&deg; F., subjecting the 700&deg; F.&plus; fraction to hydro-treating, and combining the 700&deg; F.&minus; portion of the hydrotreated product with the lighter fraction that has not been hydrotreated.

Synthetic diesel fuel and process for its production (law3 1 1)

Discloses novel biodegradable high performance hydrocarbon base oils useful as lubricants in engine oil and industrial compositions, and process for their manufacture. A waxy, or paraffinic feed, particularly a Fischer-Tropsch wax, is reacted over a dual function catalyst to produce hydroisomerization and hydrocracking reactions, at 700&deg; F.&plus; conversion levels ranging from about 20 to 50 wt. %, preferably about 25-40 wt. %, sufficient to produce a crude fraction, e.g., a C -1050&deg; F.&plus; crude fraction, containing 700&deg; F.&plus; isoparaffins having from about 6.0 to about 7.5 methyl branches per 100 carbon atoms in the molecule. The methyl paraffins containing crude fraction is topped via atmospheric distillation to produce a bottoms fraction having an initial boiling point between about 650&deg; F. and 750&deg; F. which is then solvent dewaxed, and the dewaxed oil is then fractionated under high vacuum to produce biodegradable high performance hydrocarbon base oils.

Biodegradable high performance hydrocarbon base oils

Diesel fuels or blending stocks having excellent lubricity, oxidative stability and high cetane number are produced from non-shifting Fischer-Tropsch processes by separating the Fischer-Tropsch product into a lighter and heavier fractions, e.g., at about 700&deg; F., subjecting the 700&deg; F.&plus;fraction to hydro-treating, and combining the 700&deg; F.&minus; portion of the hydrotreated product with the lighter fraction that has not been hydrotreated.

Synthetic diesel fuel and process for its production

Diesel fuels or blending stocks having excellent lubricity, oxidative stability and high cetane number are produced from non-shifting Fischer-Tropsch processes by separating the Fischer-Tropsch product into a lighter and heavier fractions, e.g., at about 700&deg; F., subjecting the 700&deg; F.&plus;fraction to hydro-treating, and combining the 700&deg; F.&plus;portion of the hydrotreated product with the lighter fraction that has not been hydrotreated.

Discloses novel biodegradable high performance hydrocarbon base oils useful as lubricants in engine oil and industrial compositions, and process for their manufacture. A waxy, or paraffinic feed, particularly a Fischer-Tropsch wax, is reacted over a dual function catalyst to produce hydroisomerization and hydrocracking reactions, at 700.degree. F.+ conversion levels ranging from about 20 to 50 wt. %, preferably about 25-40 wt. %, sufficient to produce a crude fraction, e.g., a C.sub.5 -1050.degree. F.+ crude fraction, containing 700.degree. F.+ isoparaffins having from about 6.0 to about 7.5 methyl branches per 100 carbon atoms in the molecule. The methyl paraffins containing crude fraction is topped via atmospheric distillation to produce a bottoms fraction having an initial boiling point between about 650.degree. F. and 750.degree. F. which is then solvent dewaxed, and the dewaxed oil is then fractionated under high vacuum to produce biodegradable high performance hydrocarbon base oils.

Hydrogen containing tail gas from a hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is used as a hydrogen containing catalyst rejuvenating gas. If CO is present, the CO content, is less than 10 mole % of the gas and the H.sub.2 to CO mole ratio is greater than 3:1. At least a portion of the water and liquid hydrocarbons are removed from the tail gas, before it is used to rejuvenate the reversibly deactivated catalyst.

Hydrocarbon synthesis using reactor tail gas for catalyst rejuvenation

A diesel engine fuel is produced from Fischer-Tropsch wax by separating a light density fraction, e.g., C.sub.5 -C.sub.15, preferably C.sub.7 -C.sub.14 cut having at least 80+ wt % n-paraffins, no more than 5000 ppm alcohols as oxygen, less than 10 wt % olefins, twice aromatics and very low sulfur and nitrogen.

Synthetic diesel fuel with reduced particulate matter emissions

An improved process for hydrocracking petroleum residuals wherein total conversion and the yield of lower boiling range products are increased. The hydrocracking is accomplished in the presence of a hydrogen donor solvent comprising substantially all of the liquid product having an initial boiling point substantially equal to the final boiling point of the liquid product recovered from the hydrocracked product and, generally, within the range from about 600.degree. F. to about 750.degree. F. and molecular hydrogen. The conversion is accomplished at a pressure within the range from about 1500 to about 2500 psig and at a temperature within the range from about 800.degree. to about 880.degree. F. Operation at these conditions is essential to achieving the increased conversion and the increased yield of lower boiling liquid products.

Process for converting petroleum residuals

An improved process for liquefying solid carbonaceous materials wherein increased naphtha yields are achieved by effecting the liquefaction at a pressure within the range from about 1750 to about 2800 psig in the presence of recycled bottoms and a hydrogen-donor solvent containing at least 0.8 wt % donatable hydrogen. The liquefaction is accomplished at a temperature within the range from about 700.degree. to about 950.degree. F. The coal:bottoms ratio in the feed to liquefaction will be within the range from about 1:1 to about 5:1 and the solvent or diluent to total solids ratio will be at least 1.5:1 and preferably within the range from about 1.6:1 to about 3:1. The yield of naphtha boiling range materials increases as the pressure increases but generally reaches a maximum at a pressure within the range from about 2000 to about 2500 psig.

Donor solvent coal liquefaction with bottoms recycle at elevated pressure

An improved process for the liquefaction of coal and similar solid carbonaceous materials wherein a hydrogen donor solvent or diluent derived from the solid carbonaceous material is used to form a slurry of the solid carbonaceous material and wherein the naphthenic components from the solvent or diluent fraction are separated and used as jet fuel components. The extraction increases the relative concentration of hydroaromatic (hydrogen donor) components and as a result reduces the gas yield during liquefaction and decreases hydrogen consumption during said liquefaction. The hydrogenation severity can be controlled to increase the yield of naphthenic components and hence the yield of jet fuel and in a preferred embodiment jet fuel yield is maximized while at the same time maintaining solvent balance.

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Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America

Richard Frank Bauman