At&t Bell Laboratories

Bell Telephone Laboratories

American Telephone & Telegraph Co., At&t Bell Laboratories

Agere Systems Inc.

Inpoint Systems, Inc.

Richard E Howard

Lawrence David Jackel

John Stewart Denker

Rogers H Stolen

William Pleibel

Evelyn L Hu

Harold G Craighead

Wei Zhu

Peter Ledel Gammel

Yann Andre LeCun

Omar Daniel Lopez

Donald M Tennant

Paul F Liao

Hans P Graf

Donnie Henderson

Warren Kazmir Waskiewicz

Jay R Simpson

Theodoor Charlouis Damen

David L Windt

Lawrence O'Gorman

Kathleen R Early

Wayne E Hubbard

Eitan M Fenson

Linus A Fetter

Roger H Stolen

Michael A Duguay

Daniel B Schwartz

William J Skocpol

Tao-Yuasn Chang

An EAS tag polling system includes a plurality of EAS tags and a base station, wherein each of the tags transmits an acknowledgement to the base station. The base acknowledgments may be sent passively or actively in response to a request from the base station. The base station discriminates between each acknowledgment received and associates it to the tag from which it had been transmitted. From each acknowledgement received, the base station indicates that a positive response is associated with each of the tags from which the acknowledgement is received and a negative response is associated with each of the tags from which the acknowledgement is not received.

System and method for electronic article surveillance

A method of making a microelectromechanical microwave vacuum tube device is disclosed. The device is formed by defining structural regions and sacrificial regions in a substrate. The structural regions have flexural members. The substrate is treated to remove the sacrificial regions and release the structural regions such that the structural regions are moveable by the flexural members. The structural regions include a device cathode, a device grid or both a device cathode and a device grid. The cathode comprises electron emitters. The device further includes an output structure where amplified microwave power is removed from the device. In the method, the cathode surface and the grid surface are moved to a position where they are substantially parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to the substrate. The device further comprises an anode that is substantially parallel to the cathode surface and the grid surface.

Process for making an on-chip vacuum tube device

A microelectromechanical microwave vacuum tube device is disclosed. The device consists of a cathode formed on a substrate, the cathode comprising electron emitters. A cathode emission control grid is also attached to the device substrate. The device further includes an output structure where amplified microwave power is removed from the device. In the device, the cathode surface and the grid surface are substantially parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to the substrate. One of either the cathode, the grid, or both the cathode and the grid, are attached to the device substrate by one or more flexural members. The device further comprises an anode that is substantially parallel to the cathode surface and the grid surface.

On-chip vacuum tube device and process for making device

In one aspect, the invention involves an optical element in an x-ray imaging system. The element comprises a substrate overlain by a multilayer coating. The multilayer coating comprises plural first and at least second material layers in alternation. This coating is soluble in at least one etchant solution at an etching temperature less than 100.degree. C. The optical element further comprises a barrier layer intermediate the substrate and the multilayer coating. The barrier layer is relatively insoluble in the etchant solution at the etching temperature. In a second aspect of the invention, the optical element comprises a substrate and a multilayer coating as described above, and further comprises a release layer that underlies the multilayer coating. The release layer comprises a material that is relatively soluble in at least one etchant solution at an etching temperature less than 100.degree. C. In contrast to release layers of the prior art, the inventive release layer comprises germanium.

X-ray optical element including a multilayer coating

A method for improved thinning or skeletonizing handwritten characters or other variable-line-width images. The method scans a template set over the image to be thinned. Each template has a specific arrangement of dark and light pixels. At least one of those templates includes either more than three pixels per row or more than three rows of pixels. An odd number is good choice. Moreover, the templates are chosen so that each template can unconditionally delete image pixels without consideration of the effect of such deletions on the behavior of the other templates. Thus the templates are independent of each other.

Image skeletonization method

A circuit for realizing controllable analog weights as used, for example, in template matching circuits. Analog weights are obtained by storing charge on two primary capacitors and by controlling the potential difference between the two primary capacitors. The control of charge on the two capacitors is effected with a bridging connection between the two primary capacitors. In one embodiment, the bridging connection contains two switches and an MOS transistor.

Analog decision network

Highly accurate, reliable optical character recognition is afforded by a layered network having several layers of constrained feature detection wherein each layer of constrained feature detection includes a plurality of constrained feature maps and a corresponding plurality of feature reduction maps. Each feature reduction map is connected to only one constrained feature map in the same layer for undersampling that constrained feature map. Units in each constrained feature map of the first constrained feature detection layer respond as a function of a corresponding kernel and of different portions of the pixel image of the character captured in a receptive field associated with the unit. Units in each feature map of the second constrained feature detection layer respond as a function of a corresponding kernel and of different portions of an individual feature reduction map or a combination of several feature reduction maps in the first constrained feature detection layer as captured in a receptive field of the unit. The feature reduction maps of the second constrained feature detection layer are fully connected to each unit in the final character classification layer. Kernels are automatically learned by constrained back propagation during network initialization or training.

Hierarchical constrained automatic learning neural network for character

Highly accurate, reliable optical character recognition is afforded by a hierarchically layered network having several layers of parallel constrained feature detection for localized feature extraction followed by several fully connected layers for dimensionality reduction. Character classification is also performed in the ultimate fully connected layer. Each layer of parallel constrained feature detection comprises a plurality of constrained feature maps and a corresponding plurality of kernels wherein a predetermined kernel is directly related to a single constrained feature map. Undersampling is performed from layer to layer.

Hierarchical constrained automatic learning network for character

The operation of neural networks begins with the initialization of the system with the information to be processed. Presently, this initialization is performed by pinning the system with rather large analog or digital signals representing this information. The problems associated with the high power required for such initialization are eliminated and accuracy is maintained by utilizing a specific set of input points and appropriately positioned switches. In particular, a switch corresponding to each amplifier is introduced, and the initializing data is introduced between the amplifier and this switch.

Neural networks

Neural network type information processing devices have been proposed. In these devices, a matrix structure is utilized with impedance at the matrix intersection points. It has been found that excellent versatility in design is achieved by utilizing photoconductors at these intersection points and thus affording the possibility of controlling impedance by, in turn, controlling the level of incident light.

A highly interconnected analog network is constructed with inter-neurons that account for energy function terms of order greater than two. The network comprises analog amplifiers that are connected with a resistive interconnection matrix which connects each amplifier output to the input of all other amplifiers. The connections embodied in the matrix are achieved with conductances whose values are computed in accordance with the set of problem restrictions, while the cost variables of the problem which are to be minimized are incorporated in the input signals.

Highly parallel computation network with means for reducing the

High gain MESFETs, integratable with a photodetector for optical communications, result from a specific gate structure. In particular, a dielectric region, such as an undoped indium aluminum arsenide region overlaid by a thin aluminum oxide region, is employed. This gate combination with, for example, an n-type indium gallium arsenide active channel yields transconductances as high as 130 mS/mm.

Integrated electronics suitable for optical communications

A Fresnel lens is fabricated by depositing concentric layers of first and second materials in alternation on a substrate surface. The substrate and deposited layers are then drawn down to provide a predetermined Fresnel lens zone structure.

Fresnel lens fabrication

Selected portions of the interior surface of a substrate tube, or of the cladding or core layers deposited on the interior surface of the substrate tube, are treated by one or more process steps such as shaping, diffusing, leaching, or depositing. Patterning processes such as photolithography and lift-off are employed to define the selected portions. The resulting core and/or cladding layers of the fiber can be made to have a variety of geometric shapes and composition profiles useful, for example, in realizing birefringent fibers and multiple-core fibers. Also described is the similar treating of metal layers and the incorporation of such layers into the fiber.

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Holmdel, NJ, United States of America

Richard E Howard