Eniricerche S.p.a.

Riccardo Rausa

Vincenzo Calemma

Edoardo Platone

Aldo Prevedello

Gastone Del Piero

Roberto Menicagli

Angelo Carugati

Vincenzo Piccolo

Marcello Notari

Giulio Assanelli

Francesco Ciardelli

Piero Baglioni

Luigi D'Elia

Andrea Pucci

Emiliano Fratini

Giovanni Ferraro

Arcangelo Pedicillo

A method for the assessment of the dispersing capacity of new and used lubricating compositions, in particular for internal combustion engines, and of additives for lubricating compositions, includes the steps of: providing a homogeneous dispersion of at least one carbonaceous particulate in a composition to be tested, consisting of a lubricating composition or a fraction or component thereof, acquiring at least one micrographic image of a sample of said homogeneous dispersion, deposited on an observation support, and calculating the lacunarity of the acquired image as a parameter representative of the degree of dispersion of the particulate in the composition.

Method for the assessment of the dispersing capacity of new or used lubricating compositions and of additives for lubricating compositions

Process for the preparation of polyalkenyl acylating agents which comprises:

Process for the preparation of polyalkenyl acylating agents

A process for preparing activated charcoal having a high surface area is described, including a thermal treatment, in the presence of phosphoric acid, of regenerated humic acids.

Process for producing activated charcoal

Process for preparing activated charcoal by means of the thermal treatment of potassium humates or humic acids, deriving from coal oxidation, in the presence of an activating agent.

Process for preparing regenerated humic acids from coal by means of the continuous oxidation on fluidized bed, characterized in that a coal of lignite, sub-bituminous or bituminous type is submitted to a preliminary oxidation under mild conditions in order to reduce the hydrogen content of said coal by an amount of 5 to 25% of hydrogen initially present in the starting coal, and that the resulting coal is subsequently submitted to an oxidation in order to produce the desired humic acids.

Process for producing regenerated humic acids from coal

A fluidizing and dispersing additive for coal-water mixtures, constituted by an ethoxylated adduct of either natural humic acids, or of humic acids deriving from partial coal oxidation.

Fluidizing and dispersing additives for coal-water dispersions

A method for reducing industrial or urban effluent COD is described, comprising treating said effluents with an aqueous solution of alkaline and/or ammonium salts or humic acids perpared by the dry oxidation of coal with oxygen or oxygen/nitrogen mixtures at a temperture of between 120 and 350.degree. C. at an oxygen partial pressure of between 0.1 and 10 ata for a contact time of between 15 and 600 minutes, followed by extraction of the crude oxidation product with an alkaline and/or ammoniacal solution, characterised in that said aqueous solution is fed into effluent, the pH of which has been previously adjusted to between 1 and 3.5, to the extent that the humic acid salts which exhibit flocculating action are in a concentration of less than or equal to 2000 mg/1 of effluent.

Method for reducing industrial or urban effluent COD

A process is disclosed for the production of humic acids, which comprises an oxidation of coal in dry phase with oxygen or mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen in a fluidized-bed reactor, by using coal with a granulometry comprised within the range of from 100 .mu.m to 3 mm and operating at a temperature comprised within the range of from 150.degree. to 300.degree. C., under a partial pressure of oxygen comprised within the range of from 1.1 abs.atm. to 10 abs.atm., for a contact time comprised within the range of from 30 minutes to 600 minutes.

Process for the production of regenerated humic acids from coal

A process is disclosed for the removal of metals from waters containing them, comprising the treatment of the waters with an aqueous solution of alkaline salts of humic acids, which is characterized in that said solution is obtained by the dry oxidation of coal by oxygen or mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen, in particular air, and the subsequent extraction of the raw oxidation product by an alkaline solution, and that said aqueous solution is added to into the waters as such, wherein the humic acids salts perform a flocculating action, with the end pH being preliminarily to a value comprised within the range of from 1.5 to 5.5.

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San Donato Milanese, Italy

Riccardo Rausa