Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Enichem S.p.a

Polimeri Europa S.p.a.

Montefibre S.p.a.

Inca International S.p.a.

Riccardo Po

Vladimir Bulovic

Paolo Biagini

Gabriele Bianchi

Maria Caldararo

Nicoletta Cardi

Luigi Pelosini

Laura Boggioni

Timothy Manning Swager

Karen K Gleason

Fabio Garbassi

Giuliana Schimperna

Miles C Barr

Ernesto Occhiello

Marco Ricci

Aldo Longo

Alessandra Cominetti

Andrea Pellegrino

Marcello Notari

Giulio Assanelli

Ggoch Ddeul Han

Andrea Maurano

Gianni Corso

Chiara Carbonera

Luca Serbolisca

Riccardo Barbieri

Lorenzo Veronese

Simona Losio

Massimiliano Brivio

Antonio Amico

An inverted polymer photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) includes an anode; The inverted polymer photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) shows good values of photoelectric conversion efficiency (power conversion efficiency—PCE) (η) and, in particular, a good level of adhesion between the different layers, more specifically between the active layer and the first anodic interlayer (buffer layer).

Inverted polymer photovoltaic cell and method for preparation thereof

There is a process for preparing polycarbonate. The process has the step of copolymerizing an epoxy compound and carbon dioxide (CO) in the presence of a catalytic system having at least one catalyst selected from complexes of a transition metal having general formula (I): The aforesaid process allows to obtain polycarbonates having a quantity of carbonate bonds in chain greater than 95% or polycarbonate/polyether copolymers having a quantity of ether bonds in chain ranging from 15% to 90%.

Process for preparing polycarbonate and catalytic system used

The present invention relates to a process for preparing polycarbonate comprising copolymerizing an epoxy compound and carbon dioxide (CO) in the presence of a catalytic system comprising:

Polymer comprising an indacen-4-one derivative, said polymer having general formula (IX), (X) or (XI): in which:

Polymers containing indacen-4-one derivatives

Polymeric photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) with an inverted structure comprising: an anode; a first anode buffer layer; an active layer comprising at least one photoactive organic polymer as the electron donor and at least one organic electron acceptor compound; a cathode buffer layer; a cathode; wherein between said first anode buffer layer and said active layer a second anode buffer layer is placed comprising a hole transporting material, said hole transporting material being obtained through a process comprising: reacting at least one heteropoly acid containing at least one transition metal belonging to group 5 or 6 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; with at least an equivalent amount of a salt or a complex of a transition metal belonging to group 5 or 6 of the Periodic Table of the Elements with an organic anion, or with an organic ligand; in the presence of at least one organic solvent selected from alcohols, ketones, esters, preferably alcohols. Said polymer photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) with an inverted structure displays high photoelectric conversion efficiency values (&#x3b7;), i.e. a photoelectric conversion efficiency (&#x3b7;) greater than or equal to 4.5%, and good open circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) values. Furthermore, said polymer photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) with an inverted structure is able to maintain said values over time, in particular, in terms of photoelectric conversion efficiency (&#x3b7;).

Polymer photovoltaic cell with an inverted structure and process for its preparation

Indacen-4-one derivative having general formula (I) in which: &#x2014;W and W, which are the same or different, preferably the same, represent an oxygen atom; a sulfur atom; an N&#x2014;Rgroup in which Rrepresents a hydrogen atom, or is selected from linear or branched C-C, preferably C-C, alkyl groups; &#x2014;Z and Y, which are the same or different, preferably the same, represent a nitrogen atom; or a C&#x2014;Rgroup in which Rrepresents a hydrogen atom, or is selected from linear or branched C-C, preferably C-C, alkyl groups, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, linear or branched C-C, preferably C-C, alkoxyl groups, R&#x2014;O&#x2014;[CH&#x2014;CH&#x2014;O]&#x2014; polyethyleneoxyl groups in which Ris selected from linear or branched C-C, preferably C-C, alkyl groups, and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 4; &#x2014;R&#x2014;ORgroups in which Ris selected from linear or branched C-C, preferably C-C, alkylene groups and Rrepresents a hydrogen atom or is selected from linear or branched C-C, preferably C-C, alkyl groups, or is selected from R&#x2014;[&#x2014;OCH&#x2014;CH&#x2014;]&#x2014; polyethyleneoxyl groups in which Rhas the same meanings as above reported and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, &#x2014;CORgroups in which Ris selected from linear or branched C-C, preferably C-C, alkyl groups, &#x2014;COORgroups in which Ris selected from linear or branched C-C, preferably C-C, alkyl groups, or represent a &#x2014;CHO group, or a cyano group (&#x2014;CN); &#x2014;Rand R, which are the same or different, preferably the same, are selected from linear or branched C-C, preferably C-C, alkyl groups, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, linear or branched C-C, preferably C-C, alkoxyl groups, R&#x2014;O&#x2014;[CH&#x2014;CH&#x2014;O]&#x2014; polyethyleneoxyl groups in which Rhas the same meanings as above reported and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, &#x2014;R&#x2014;ORgroups in which Rand Rhave the same meanings as above reported, &#x2014;CORgroups in which Rhas the same meanings as above reported, &#x2014;COORgroups in which Rhas the same meanings as above reported, or represent a &#x2014;CHO group, or a cyano group (&#x2014;CN). Said indacen-4-one derivative may advantageously be used in the synthesis of electron-donor polymers, said polymers being a further object of the present invention. Said polymers may advantageously be used in the construction of photovoltaic devices (or solar devices) such as, for example, photovoltaic cells (or solar cells), photovoltaic modules (or solar modules), on either a rigid or flexible support. 

Indacen-4-one derivatives, process for their preparation and polymers containing them

Embodiments described herein provide functionalized carbon nanostructures for use in various devices, including photovoltaic devices (e.g., solar cells). In some cases, the carbon nanostructures are fullerenes substituted with one or more isobenzofulvene species and/or indane species. Devices including such materials may exhibit increased efficiency, increased open circuit potential, high electron/hole mobility, and/or low electrical resistance.

Functionalized nanostructures and devices including photovoltaic devices

The present invention generally relates to cathode buffer materials and devices and methods comprising the cathode buffer materials.

Cathode buffer materials and related devices and methods

Process for the preparation of stable nitroxide radicals (I) starting from N-benzylphthalimide in three steps. In the first step, the N-benzylphthalimide is transformed into N-benzyl-1,1,3,3-tetralkylisoindoline by treatment with a Grignard reagent prepared in methyl-tert-butyl ether. In the second step, the N-benzyl-1,1,3,3-tetraalkylisoindoline is transformed into 1,1,3,3-tetra-alkylisoindoline by hydrogenolysis. In the third step, the 1,1,3,3-tetra-alkyl-isoindoline is transformed into the nitroxide radical by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst selected from acids and salts of polymolybdic or polytungstic acids.

Perfected process for the preparation of stable nitroxide radicals

Process for the preparation of block copolymers, based on vinylaromatic monomers and monomers deriving from (meth)acrylic acid by means of radicalic polymerization which comprises polymerizing the monomers at a temperature higher than or equal to 120&#xb0; C., in the presence of a radicalic initiating system comprising a compound having general Formula (I) 

Process for the preparation of block copolymers

Polycondensation catalyzers for the synthesis of polyethylene

Syndiotactic terpolymers of styrene comprising repetitive units deriving from:

Syndiotactic terpolymers of styrene

Polyesters with a high crystallization rate synthesized by the polycondensation of terephthalic acid with at least one C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylenic glycol in the presence of 0.1-1.5 mol % of a copolymerizable reagent having the general formula:

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Novara, Italy

Riccardo Po