The Dow Chemical Company

Standard Alcohol Company of America, Inc.

Rex R Stevens

Robert M Jimeson

Mark C Radosevich

Peter J Tijm

Mark M Conway

Frans Lodewijk Plantenga

Craig B Murchison

Dennis A Hucul

George J Quarderer, Jr

William I Harris

Victor E Meyer

Gene A Cochran

Geradette Giardino

Geradelte Giardino-Radosevich

Higher mixed alcohols are produced from syngas contacting a catalyst in a reactor. The catalyst has a first component of molybdenum or tungsten, a second component of vanadium, a third component of iron, cobalt, nickel or palladium and optionally a fourth component of a promoter. The first component forms alcohols, while the vanadium and the third component stimulates carbon chain growth to produce higher alcohols.

Catalyst for converting syngas to mixed alcohols

Production of mixed alcohols from synthesis gas

Mixed alcohol formulas can be used as a fuel additive in petroleum-based hydrocarbon liquid fuels, synthetic or bio-derived gasoline, diesel fuels, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, heating oil, bunker oil, coal, petroleum coke, heavy crude oil, bitumen, or as a neat fuel in and of itself. The mixed alcohol formulations can be blended with ground petroleum coke, coal, heavy crude oil, or bitumen to form a thixotropic slurry for ease of transportation. The mixed alcohol formulations can also be used to shurry transport ground biomass. The mixed alcohol formulations can contain a blend of C-Calcohols, or C-Calcohols or higher C-Calcohols in order to further boost energy content.

Mixed alcohol fuels for internal combustion engines, furnaces, boilers, kilns and gasifiers and slurry transportation

Mixed alcohol formulas can be used as a fuel additive in petroleum, synthetic or bio-derived gasoline, diesel fuels, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, heating oil, bunker oil, coal, petroleum coke or as a neat fuel in and of itself. The mixed alcohol formulations can also be utilized as a thinning agent to improve the transportation of heavy petroleum crude oils or bitumen produced from tar sands. The mixed alcohol formulations can contain combinations of two or more, three or more alcohols, or blend of C-Calcohols, or C-Calcohols or higher C-Calcohols in order to boost energy content. The primary benefits of mixed alcohols are increased combustion efficiencies, improved fuel economies, reduced emissions profiles and low production costs. These improved combustion efficiencies result in increased miles per gallon of blended fuel.

Mixed alcohol fuels for internal combustion engines, furnaces, boilers, kilns and gasifiers

Mixed alcohol formulas can be used as a fuel additive in gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, heating oil, bunker oil, coal, petroleum coke or as a neat fuel in and of itself. The mixed alcohols formulations can contain C-Calcohols, or in the alternative, C-Calcohols or higher C-Calcohols in order to boost energy content. The C-Cmixed alcohols contain more ethanol than methanol with declining amounts of propanol, butanol and pentanol. C-Cmixed alcohols contain the same, with declining amounts of hexanol, heptanol and octanol. C-Cmixed alcohols contain the same, with declining amounts of nananol and decanol. Synthetically produced mixed alcohol formulas feature higher octane and energy densities than either MTBE or fermented grain ethanol; more stable Reid Vapor Pressure blending characteristics; and increased soluablizing effects on condensate water. The primary benefits of mixed alcohols are increased combustion efficiencies, reduced emissions profiles and low production costs.

Mixed alcohols can be used as a fuel additive in gasoline, diesel, jet fuel or as a neat fuel in and of itself. The mixed alcohols can contain C-Calcohols, or in the alternative, C-C, or higher, alcohols in order to boost energy content. The C-Cmixed alcohols contain more ethanol than methanol with amounts of propanol, butanol and pentanol. C-Cmixed alcohols contain the same, with amounts of hexanol, heptanol and octanol. A gasoline-based fuel includes gasoline and the mixed alcohols. A diesel based fuel includes diesel and the mixed alcohols. A jet fuel includes kerosene and the mixed alcohols. The neat fuel of the mixed alcohols has an octane number of at least 109 and the Reid Vapor Pressure is no greater than 5 psi. The gross heat of combustion is at least 12,000 BTU's/lb.

Fuels for internal combustion engines

An improved process for conducting an etherification reaction has been discovered. The process employs a macroporous strong-acid, cation-exchange resin catalyst prepared at a temperature of about 120.degree. C. or higher with a reduced amount of divinylbenzene crosslinker. The etherification catalysts produced in the invention display equivalent or superior catalytic activity than conventional catalysts and are less expensive to produce than conventional catalysts due to reduced amounts of crosslinker.

Process for conducting etherification reactions using as catalysts

A process for purifying a waste effluent from the bleaching of wood pulp by contacting the effluent with an adsorbent resin, wherein the adsorbent resin is a macroporous copolymer being post-crosslinked in a swollen state in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst and functionalized with hydrophilic groups prior to contact with the waste effluent.

Purification of effluent from wood pulp bleach plant

A process for making alcohols comprising contacting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst comprising:

Process for producing alcohols from synthesis gas

Improved process for decolorizing aqueous sugar solutions by contacting solution with an adsorbent anion exchange resin prepared by aminating a macroporous, chloromethylated copolymer with a polyamine under conditions sufficient to promote crosslinking of unreacted amine sites with chloromethyl groups on the copolymer.

Process for decolorizing aqueous sugar solution

Mixed alcohols are produced from carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases using an easily prepared catalyst/co-catalyst metal catalyst. The catalyst metals are molybdenum, tungsten or rhenium. The co-catalyst metals are cobalt, nickel or iron. The catalyst is promoted with a Fischer-Tropsch promoter like an alkali or alkaline earth series metal or a smaller amount of thorium and is further treated by sulfiding. The composition of the mixed alcohols fraction can be selected by selecting the extent of intimate contact among the catalytic components.

Mixed alcohols production from syngas

A process for forming an alcohol fraction boiling in the range of motor gasoline that is enriched in higher alcohols, comprises contacting a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a lower alkanol with a catalyst comprising:

Preparation of ethanol and higher alcohols from lower carbon number

A process for the conversion of a mixture of synthesis gas into preponderantly C.sub.1-10 oxygenated hydrocarbons and especially C.sub.1-5 mixed alcohols using a reduced catalyst of the necessary components of

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Midland, MI, United States of America

Rex R Stevens