A. Ahlstrom Corporation

Foster Wheeler Energia Oy

Foster Wheeler Enegeria Oy

Reijo J Kuivalainen

Juhani M Isaksson

Folke Engstrom

Karukkampalayam M Sellakumar

Charles M Davis

Yam Y Lee

Juha Palonen

Timo Eriksson

Pekka Lehtonen

York Tsuo

Juha Tiensuu

An apparatus for pneumatically conveying particulate material containing reaction products of a high pressure reactor from a supply vessel at a pressure of at least two bar to a receiving vessel at a considerably lower pressure. The apparatus includes a conveyor line attached to the supply vessel, a collecting vessel between the conveyor line and the receiving vessel, the collecting vessel including (i) a discharge conduit for the carrier gas, (ii) a device for controlling the discharge velocity of the carrier gas from the collecting vessel, and (iii) a device for controlling the pressure of the material collected in the collecting vessel, and a device for conveying the material directly from the collecting vessel to the receiving vessel essentially at the same pressure as is prevailing in the receiving vessel.

Method and apparatus for treating high pressure particulate material

A method of binding pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid and/or hydrofluoric acid, in flue gas in one or more combustion plants. The method includes the steps of (a) combusting fuel in a furnace of the one or more combustion plants, resulting in the production of flue gas containing pollutants, (b) introducing at least one of calcium oxide, limestone and dolomite, for forming calcium oxide, into the furnace for binding pollutants in the flue gas in the furnace, (c) causing flue gas to flow through a flue gas channel and a venturi contact reactor which are dimensioned so to provide a desired division of the moistened ash of step (e) into a portion entrained with the flue gas and another portion falling down into the retention tank provided in the flue gas channel, to a dust separator, which separates ash containing unreacted calcium oxide from the flue gas, (d) conducting a portion of the ash separated from the flue gas in step (c) to a moistening device, which mixes water amounting up to 50% of the weight of the ash into the ash, (e) conducting ash moistened in step (d) to the contact reactor, to mix the moistened ash into the flue gas, (f) causing a first portion of the ash mixed into the flue gas in step (e) to (g) causing a second portion of the ash mixed into the flue gas in step (e) to fall down into the retention tank, (h) hydrating at least a portion of the calcium oxide in the ash to form calcium hydroxide in the retention tank, (i) causing the ash to dry out during the hydrating step (h) and (j) recycling at least a portion of the ash from the retention tank to at least one of the one or more combustion plants.

Method and apparatus for binding pollutants in flue gas

Method for purification of waste gases

Filtering apparatus for filtering particles from high temperature (e.g. greater than 500 degrees C., and at a pressure of about 2-40 bar) gases includes a hollow upright vessel with at least one generally torodial shaped hollow clean gas chamber mounted within it. The gas chamber has a gas impervious peripheral wall with at least one ceramic or sintered metal filter mounted in an opening in the wall. Dirty gas flows through the filter(s) into the clean gas chamber, and then passes through a conduit to be ultimately discharged from the vessel. The torodial shaped chamber may be circular or polygonal (e.g. square) in plan, and circular or polygonal in cross-section; for example it can be constructed solely of flat plates.

Apparatus for filtering gases

An apparatus provides purification of waste gases by adding particles of reagent and/or absorbent, which react with the pollutants in the waste gases, to the gases, and by introducing the gases into a wetting reactor for activating the reagent or absorbent contained in the gases. Gases are conveyed to at least two levels in the reactor through inlets so that a first portion of the gases is introduced into a wetting zone and a second portion of the gases below the wetting zone. A high density of particles is maintained in the wetting zone by recycling to the wetting zone particles separated from the gas above the wetting zone.

Apparatus for purification of waste gases

Hot flue or process gases are cleaned utilizing an apparatus containing a barrier filter module formed of a monolithic ceramic support structure coated with a thin porous ceramic layer having a pore size of about 0.04-0.5 microns, and a catalyst module formed of a support structure coated with catalyst. The hot flue gases may be associated with a fluidized bed boiler plant, such as a circulating fluidized bed reactor. Gases to be cleaned are passed through the barrier filter module into contact with the thin porous ceramic layer, and then through the catalyst module so that there is a catalytic reaction with the gas.

Method and apparatus for cleaning flue gases

A filter assembly for high temperature gases, such as from a circulating fluidized bed reactor, mounts monolithic ceramic filter elements within an upright vessel so that as the hot gas flows from the top toward the bottom of the vessel the gas passes through the elements with the clean gas discharged through a side wall of the vessel. The particle discharge is provided at the bottom of the vessel. Filter supporting elements within the vessel are cooled by cooling fluid, and pulse cleaning elements are associated with each of the filter elements. Flow directing elements within the vessel typically define a generally conical or pyramidal shaped flow directing surface. The flow directing elements may be refractory material bodies, or funnel shaped thin elements (e.g. of metal capable of withstanding high temperature), and may be mounted so that small amounts of movement are possible to accommodate thermal contraction or expansion.

Cylindrical filters in a tube sheet for cleaning high temperature gases

Nozzles are provided for spraying a wetting medium into the gas flow in an activating reactor. The nozzle comprises a nozzle body having a plurality of nozzles The nozzle body is surrounded by a flexible and/or porous casing and a conduit introduces a gaseous medium into the casing. The gas can be introduced in either pulses or continuously. The gas introduced in pulses causes the casing to change its form and, where a perforated or porous casing is used, the continuous gas flow forms a protective gas film around the casing, thus removing the solid material accumulated on the casing.

Method and apparatus for purifying flue gases

A fluidized bed reactor (1) comprising a reactor chamber (4) having a gas distributor plate (5) for feeding primary air, and space above said distributor plate (5) is divided into compartments (6) by means of partition walls (7) having discharge openings (9) for feeding secondary air to the circulating bed.

Fluidized bed reactor

In a fluidized bed reactor, nozzles are provided for distributing fluidizing gas from a windbox into the reactor while preventing the backflow of solid particles through the nozzle into the windbox. The nozzle defines an upper part of high heat and wear resistant material adapted to contact the mass of particles. At least one opening is defined in each nozzle through which fluidizing gas passes between the upper part and the windbox, and a solid, though porous, material abuts or defines the opening for allowing the passage of gas while preventing passage of solid particles. The nozzle may comprise a stand pipe having a sintered metal portion disposed below the upper part. Other constructions provide the solid mass as a metal wire mesh acid proof filter, or as a porous ceramic material, or as a high temperature ceramic material. The solid mass may have pores with a pore size of between about 50-1,000 micormeters. The solid mass may be defined by a pair of concentric adjacent porous ceramic tubes with different effective gas permeabilities. A horizontal solid metal ring may have openings in it, with the ring supported above the windbox so that gas can flow through the openings, the porous solid material sandwiched between the upper part and the ring.

Distributor plate for fluidized bed reactor

A fluidized bed reactor (1) comprising a reactor chamber (4) having a gas distributor plate (5) for feeding primary air, and a space above said distributor plate (5) is divided into compartments (6) by means of partition walls (7) having discharge openings (9) for feeding secondary air to the circulating bed.

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San Diego, CA, United States of America

Reijo J Kuivalainen