Avmax, Inc.

Reed M Benet

Leslie Z Benet

Vincent J Wacher

A method for increasing bioavailability and reducing inter- and intra-individual variability of an orally administered hydrophobic pharmaceutical compound, which comprises orally coadministering the pharmaceutical compound to a mammal in need of treatment with the compound with an essential oil or essential oil component in an amount sufficient to provide bioavailability of the compound in the presence of the essential oil or essential oil component greater than bioavailability of the compound in the absence of the essential oil or essential oil component, wherein the essential oil or essential oil component has an activity of at least 10% inhibition at a concentration of 0.01 wt. % or less in an assay that measures conversion of cyclosporine to hydroxylated products using an assay system containing 250 .mu.g rat liver microsomes, 1 .mu.M cyclosporine, and 1 mM reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in 1 ml of 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4.

Use of essential oils to increase bioavailability of orally administered

Use of benzoin gum to inhibit P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance of

A method for increasing bioavailability and reducing inter- and intra-individual variability of an orally administered hydrophobic pharmaceutical compound, which comprises orally administering the pharmaceutical compound to a mammal in need of treatment with the compound concurrently with an essential oil or essential oil component in an amount sufficient to provide bioavailability of the compound in the presence of the essential oil or essential oil component greater than bioavailability of the compound in the absence of the essential oil or essential oil component, wherein the essential oil or essential oil component has an activity of at least 10% inhibition at a concentration of 0.01 wt. % or less in an assay that measures conversion of cyclosporine to hydroxylated products using an assay system containing 250/.mu.g rat liver microsomes, 1.mu.M cyclosporine, and 1 mM reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in 1 ml of 0.1M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4.

Use of essential oils to increase bioavailability of oral pharmaceutical

A method for increasing bioavailability and reducing inter- and intra-individual variability of an orally administered hydrophobic pharmaceutical compound, which comprises orally administering the pharmaceutical compound to a mammal in need of treatment with the compound concurrently with an essential oil or essential oil component in an amount sufficient to provide bioavailability of the compound in the presence of the essential oil or essential oil component greater than bioavailability of the compound in the absence of the essential oil or essential oil component, wherein the essential oil or essential oil component has an activity of at least 10% inhibition at a concentration of 0.01 wt. % or less in an assay that measures conversion of cyclosporine to hydroxylated products using an assay system containing 250 .mu.g rat liver microsomes, 1 .mu.M cyclosporine, and 1 mM reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in 1 ml of 0.1M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4.

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Belvedere, CA, United States of America

Reed M Benet