General Electric Company

Ericsson Gmbh

Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (publ)

Ericsson Ge Mobile Communications Inc.

Raymond L Toy

Sandeep Chennakeshu

Ravinder D Koilpillai

Ali S Khayrallah

Richard Louis Zinser

Steven Robert Koch

Dennis Hui

Gregory Edward Bottomley

Paul W Dent

Rajaram Ramesh

Kambiz Casey Zangi

Karl James Molnar

Gary Jude Saulnier

Stephen Michael Hladik

Ravinder David Koilpillai

Peter Malm

Wensheng Huang

Ravinder D Koilpllai

In a packet-based data transmission including incremental redundancy (IR) protocols, the memory consumption of the IR protocol is reduced by compressing and storing failed data units in their punctured format. The failed data units are compressed using low complexity compression/decompression algorithms. The compression algorithm includes two parts: calculating and storing a scale factor for each transmission burst that estimates the soft values in the burst, and storing each soft values' sign in local memory instead of the complete soft value. If the currently received data unit is a retransmission, its compressed versions in the punctured format stored in the IR memory are decompressed, de-punctured and combined with the currently received data unit. The combined data unit is then decoded. The decompression restores an estimated soft-value by multiplying the sign value stored in the IR memory with its corresponding scale factor obtained from a mapping table.

Data compression with incremental redundancy

A computationally efficient method for computing the filter coefficients for a prefilter in a decision feedback equalizer solves linear equations using a fast Toeplitz algorithm. Computations performed to compute the filter coefficients for the right half burst may be used to compute the prefilter for the left hand burst, thereby reducing the number of computations. Also, a square root-free algorithm may be used to solve the system of linear equations, further reducing computational complexity.

Equalizer with adaptive pre-filter

Systems and methods for frequency acquisition and channel tracking in a direct sequence code division multiple access system are described. Frequency estimates are prepared and refined, which estimates are also used in the channel tracking process.

Method and apparatus for frequency acquisition and tracking for DS-SS

A digital radio communications system including a suboptimal soft decision (e.g., errors and erasures) channel decoder and a speech decoder can be upgraded to effectively bypass the hard decision channel decoder and allow a higher performance soft decision (e.g., maximum likelihood sequence estimate (MLSE)) decoder to be used--without requiring physical removal or disconnection of the hard decision channel decoder. The new decoder can feed the existing decoder the right choice of received vector r' to force the existing decoder to produce a certain codeword y' and a certain bit error estimate b'. This technique is useful to test new MLSE decoders on existing radios, or to add an MLSE decoder as an upgrade on existing receivers.

Effective bypass of error control decoder in a digital radio system

An error control decoder receives a received vector to be decoded. The decoder then calculates, as an error estimate, the Euclidean distance between a codeword choice and the received vector. The output error estimate is appropriately scaled and quantized in accordance with the particular code being processed by the decoder. The efficient Conway-Sloane algorithm is extended for use in connection with the decoding of shortened Golay codes. A modification is made to the generator matrix for the Golay code to produce a modified generator matrix that is unique for each shortened code. The modified generator matrix is then implemented in the Conway-Sloane algorithm to identify the best codeword for conversion to its corresponding information bits for output.

High performance error control decoder

A low complexity adaptive equalizer for use in U.S. digital cellular radios demodulates .pi./4-shifted differentially encoded quadrature phase shift keyed (DQPSK) encoding in the presence of intersymbol interference (ISI) with reduced decoding complexity by employing an estimated received constellation which takes into account channel changes over time and ISI. The complexity is reduced by tracking a reduced number of estimated reference symbol constellation points and taking advantage of the geometry to estimate the remaining symbol constellation points. Branch metrics are also determined with a reduced number of computations.

Low complexity adaptive equalizer radio receiver employing reduced

A low complexity adaptive equalizer for use in U.S. digital cellular radios demodulates .pi./4-shifted differentially encoded quadrature phase shift keyed (DQPSK) encoding in the presence of intersymbol interference (ISI) with reduced decoding complexity by employing an estimated received constellation which takes into account channel changes over time and ISI. The decoding complexity is reduced by tracking a reduced number of estimated reference constellation points and taking advantage of the geometry to estimate the remaining symbol constellation points. A slot of symbols is decoded, employing unique filtering, in segments from the beginning in a forward direction and from the end in a reverse direction meeting at a fade point. This isolates a fade and allows the equalizer to perform more reliably.

Low complexity adaptive equalizer for U.S. digital cellular radio

A method of estimating the quality of a communication channel from a differential phase angle between a received signal and the corresponding transmitted phase angle employs determining a signal to impairment ratio (SIR) as an indicator of channel state information (CSI). A maximum likelihood estimation procedure is employed to calculate this CSI metric as a function of the differential phase angle between the received signal and transmitted signal. An alternate embodiment employs a estimation that incorporates average SIR information for a Rayleigh fading channel. Since CSI is derived from the phase angle of the received signal, and does not require signal amplitude information, it is attractive for use with differential detectors, phase-locked loops (PLLs) and hard-limited signals. The CSI provided can be used for implementing post detection selection diversity, by selecting the signal from a plurality of antennae which has the best SIR.

Adaptive phase-locked loop employing channel state information

A digital time division multiple access (TDMA) radio communications system employs a digital information source for providing digital information, a transmitter for transmitting encoded digital information in a radio-frequency (RF) signal to a receiver which demodulates the encoded symbols into digital information to be utilized by an output device. The receiver, synchronizes, compensates for frequency drift, samples and divides the samples into halfslots of samples. The halfslots are subdivided into subslots numbered from 1 to N, where N represents the last received subslot. Subslots 1 and N are demodulated into digital information in a forward and reverse direction, respectively with metrics calculated. If the metrics indicate a signal with a larger signal-to-noise ratio from subslot N, subslot N-1 is demodulated in a reverse sense with another reverse metric calculated, and vice versa. This process of extending demodulation in the direction of greater signal strength is repeated until all subslots in the slot have been demodulated. A second embodiment passes through all subslots in a forward and reverse direction calculating subslot metrics. The subslot metrics are summed into a halfslot metrics. The best halfslot metric indicates the sense of demodulation of each subslot. The digital information is then dumped in the proper order and sense to an output device which utilizes the digital information resulting in increased performance during fade periods.

Double sided slot traversing decoding for time division multiple access

A low complexity adaptive equalizer for use in U.S. digital cellular radios demodulates .pi./4-shifted differentially encoded quadrature phase shift keyed (DQPSK) encoding in the presence of intersymbol interference (ISI) with reduced decoding complexity by employing an estimated received constellation which takes into account channel changes over time and ISI. The decoding complexity is reduced by tracking a reduced number of estimated reference symbol constellation points and taking advantage of the geometry to estimate the remaining symbol constellation points. Reference symbol constellation points are updated directly to compensate for changes in the channel, instead of determining channel impulse response (CIR) coefficients, and convolving the CIR coefficients with received symbols to determine new reference symbol constellation points.

Low complexity adaptive equalizer radio receiver employing direct

A method of estimating the quality of a communication channel from a differential phase angle between a received signal and the corresponding transmitted phase angle employs determining a signal to impairment ratio (SIR) as an indicator of channel state information (CSI). A maximum likelihood estimation procedure is employed to calculate this CSI metric as a function of the differential phase angle between be received signal and transmitted signal An alternate embodiment employs an estimation that incorporates average SIR information for a Rayleigh fading channel. Since CSI is derived from the phase angle of the received signal, and does not require signal amplitude information, it is attractive for use with differential detectors, phase-locked loops (PLLs) and hard-limited signals. The CSI provided can be used for implementing post detection selection diversity, by selecting the signal from a plurality of antennae which has the best SIR.

Post detection selection combining diversity receivers for mobile and

A method and apparatus for digital radio communication employs separation of a frame of data to be transmitted into key bits, critical bits and unprotected bits. The key bits are processed to provide parity bits. The parity bits, and key bits are convolutionally encoded using a tail-biting scheme and merged with unprotected bits, and then transmitted. At the receiver, the decoder splits the received data into convolutionally encoded bits and unprotected bits, and trellis decodes the convolutionally encoded bits into a number of possible paths through a trellis using a generalized Viterbi algorithm. The tail-biting scheme reduces the number of bits that must be transmitted. Paths having errors in the key bits are rejected, and the path having the best metric without key bit errors is used in decoding the transmitted information. In the event that there is no such path, a previously selected path is substituted and decoded.

Generalized viterbi algorithm with tail-biting

A Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) radio system achieves synchronization by performing a two-step synchronization. A simplified frame/slot synchronization is followed by a symbol synchronization of higher accuracy. This symbol timing is passed to a frequency offset unit which determines the amount of frequency drift between the transmitter and receiver and compensates for the frequency drift. This results in improved receiver performance for the TDMA digital radio system.

Sample timing selection and frequency offset correction for U.S. digital

Frame/slot synchronization is applied to a received Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) signal and a temporal position of a reference feature is acquired, such as a synchronizing bit stream or preamble, associated with a desired time slot. The desired time slot is but one of a plurality of time slots that comprise a frame. Verification that the acquired temporal position corresponds to the desired time slot is performed by repetitively estimating a temporal position of the reference feature in a subsequent frame and sampling the subsequent frame at the estimated temporal position to determine if the reference feature is present. The temporal position of the reference feature of the desired time slot relative to the frame is maintained over a plurality of received frames.

Frame/slot synchronization for U.S. digital cellular TDMA radio

Protection of a digital multi-pulse speech coder from fading pattern bit errors common in a digital mobile radio channel is accomplished with error detection techniques which are simple to implement and require no error correcting codes. A synthetic regeneration algorithm is employed which uses only the perceptually significant bits in the transmitted frame. Separate parity checksums for line spectrum pair frequency data, pitch lag data and pulse amplitude data are added to each frame of speech coder bits in the transmitter. The bits are then transmitted through a mobile environment susceptible to fading that induces bursty error patterns in the stream. At the receiving station, the parity checksum bits and speech coder bits are used to determine if an error has occurred in a particular section of the bit stream. Detected errors are flagged and supplied to the speech decoder. The speech decoder uses the error flags to modify its output signal so as to minimize perceptual artifacts in the output speech. Separate checksums are developed for subsets of line spectrum pair (LSP) coefficients and related speech data, whereby a single subset may be error-detected and replaced, rather than an entire frame.

Growing community of inventors

Latham, NY, United States of America

Raymond L Toy