Westinghouse Electric Corporation

Raymond J Bratton

Clarence A Andersson

Roswell J Ruka

Prabhakar Singh

Bulent E Yoldas

Deborah P Partlow

Karl F Schoch, Jr

John H Thompson

Francis J Harvey, Ii

Theodore R Vasilow

Lewis J Kuo

Frederick G Geil

A low cost, lanthanide-substituted, dimensionally and thermally stable, gas permeable, electrically conductive, porous ceramic air electrode composition of lanthanide-substituted doped lanthanum manganite is provided which is used as the cathode in high temperature, solid oxide electrolyte fuel cells and generators. The air electrode composition of this invention has a much lower fabrication cost as a result of using a lower cost lanthanide mixture, either a natural mixture or an unfinished lanthanide concentrate obtained from a natural mixture subjected to incomplete purification, as the raw material in place of part or all of the higher cost individual lanthanum. The mixed lanthanide primarily contains a mixture of at least La, Ce, Pr, and Nd, or at least La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm in its lanthanide content, but can also include minor amounts of other lanthanides and trace impurities. The use of lanthanides in place of some or all of the lanthanum also increases the dimensional stability of the air electrode. This low cost air electrode can be fabricated as a cathode for use in high temperature, solid oxide fuel cells and generators.

Low cost stable air electrode material for high temperature solid oxide

In the method of operating an electrochemical cell generator apparatus containing a generator chamber (20) containing an array of cells (12) having interior and exterior electrodes with solid electrolyte between the electrodes, where a hot gas (F) contacts the outside of the cells (12) and the generating chamber normally operates at over 850.degree. C., where N.sub.2 gas is fed to contact the interior electrode of the cells (12) in any case when the generating chamber (20) temperature drops for whatever reason to within the range of from 550.degree. C. to 800.degree. C., to eliminate cracking within the cells (12).

Method of low temperature operation of an electrochemical cell array

A composite material having a fiber system embedded in a host matrix material. The fiber system has a protective reaction barrier around the embedded fibers to prevent deleterious chemical or mechanical reaction between the fiber and matrix. The fiber coating is applied by immersion of the fiber system into an alkoxide solution of the desired oxide precursor with controlled immersion and withdrawal rates with subsequent drying, heating to convert to a pure oxide state, and where required, post processing, to convert the oxide coating to a carbide or nitride, for example.

Fiber-reinforced metal or ceramic matrices

A system for weighing a vehicle in motion is disclosed. One or more piezoelectric weight sensors produce charge outputs in response to the weight of a vehicle passing over the sensors. A charge amplifier converts the sensor outputs to a voltage level. A peak voltage detector detects the peak voltage, which represents the sum of all sensor outputs. The peak voltage is then converted to a weight value using the thickness sensitivity of the piezoelectric material.

Dynamic vehicle-weighing system

A transpiration cooled ceramic blade for a gas turbine is shown wherein a spar or strut member defining a root portion and an airfoil portion provides the main structural component of the blade. The air foil portion contains longitudinal grooves in the surface in flow communication with an air flow passage in the root portion and a flexible perforated ceramic tape is wrapped around the air foil portion with the perforations therein in registry with the grooves in the core. The flexible ceramic tape and the strut assembly are heated initially to a low temperature to drive off the binder forming the tape and then heated to a relatively high temperature to fuse the ceramic component of the tape together and to the strut to form a unitary blade structure with internal air flow paths and transpiration cooling orifices through the skin.

Method of manufacturing a transpiration cooled ceramic blade for a gas

A transpiration cooled ceramic blade for a gas turbine is shown wherein a spar or strut member defining a root portion and an airfoil portion provides the main structural component of the blade. The air foil portion contains longitudinal grooves in the surface in flow communication with an air flow passage in the root portion and a flexible perforated ceramic tape is wrapped around the air foil portion with the perforations therein in registry with the grooves in the core. The flexible ceramic tape and the strut assembly are heated initially to a low temperature to drive off the binder forming the tape and then heated to a relatively high temperature to fuse the ceramic component of the tape together and to the strut to form a unitary blade structure with internal air flow paths and transpiratin cooling orifices through the skin.

Transpiration cooled ceramic blade for a gas turbine

This is a method of producing silicon nitride in a plasma arc furnace utilizing silicon metal or silicon dioxide as a starting material. When silicon metal is used it is reacted directly with a nitrogen bearing gas to produce silicon nitride. When silicon dioxide is used a two-step process is performed wherein the silicon dioxide is first reacted with hydrogen to produce silicon monoxide gas and water and thereafter the silicon monoxide gas is reacted with hydrogen and nitrogen to produce silicon nitride and water.

Growing community of inventors

Delmont, PA, United States of America

Raymond J Bratton