Baker Hughes Corporation

Baker Hughes, a Ge Compnay, LLC

Rashid W Khokhar

Gregory Boris Itskovich

Alexandre N Bespalov

Babak Kouchmeshky

Rocco DiFoggio

Danny Eugene Scott

Anthony Albert DiGiovanni

Daniel T Georgi

Leonty Abraham Tabarovsky

Randy Gold

David Alexander Curry

Hans-Martin Maurer

Antonio Fabris

Stanislav W Forgang

Vladimir Dubinsky

Fei Le

Wallace Harold Meyer

Dinesh P Shah

Anthony A Digiovanni

David A Curry

Methods and apparatus for evaluating an earth formation for generating a numerical model comprising an expression equating a representation for the effective conductivity under Archie's law with respect to direct current with a function for the effective conductivity representative of the mixing model with respect to direct current; and solving a system of equations to obtain values for the Archie parameters including at least i) the expression; ii) a second expression equating a first order variation of the representation with a first order variation of the function with respect to water saturation of the formation (Sw); and iii) a third expression equating a first order variation of the representation with a first order variation of the function with respect to porosity of the formation (&#x3c6;). The second and third expressions may equate derivatives of the representation with derivatives of the function.

Estimating parameters of Archie's law and formation texture information

A method for performing a formation physical action includes: transmitting a first time-domain transient electromagnetic (EM) signal into a borehole and the formation using a downhole EM wave propagation tool, the first EM signal having frequency domain components in a range of at least 1 MHz to 1 GHz; receiving a second time-domain transient EM signal due to the transmitting of the first EM signal, the second EM signal having frequency domain components in the range of at least 1 MHz to 1 GHz; calculating attenuation and phase shift S-parameters as a function of frequency using the first and second EM signals; assigning to the formation at least one of a resistivity value and a permittivity value of a reference that matches or is within a selected range of the attenuation and phase shift S-parameters; and performing the physical action using the at least one of the resistivity value and the permittivity value.

Dielectric logging with broadband excitation

A cutting element for an earth-boring drilling tool comprises a cutting body having a cutting surface thereon, and a sensor coupled with the cutting surface, the sensor configured to determine resistivity of a contacting formation. An earth-boring drilling tool comprises a bit body and an instrumented cutting element coupled with the bit body. The cutting element includes a cutting body having a cutting surface thereon, and at least one sensor located proximate the cutting surface. The at least one sensor is oriented and configured to determine resistivity of a contacting formation. A method of determining resistivity of a subterranean formation during a drilling operation comprises energizing a sensor of an instrumented cutting element of a drill bit, sensing a return signal flowing on or through the subterranean formation through the instrumented cutting element, and determining a resistivity of the subterranean formation based, at least in part, on the return signal.

Apparatuses and methods for at-bit resistivity measurements for an earth-boring drilling tool

A method for inverting dielectric logging tool measurement data to estimate an electrical characteristic of an earth formation includes: receiving measurement data from the logging tool having a transmitter antenna and receiver antennas spaced known distances from the transmitter antenna; establishing an equation relating magnetic field measurements made by the receiver antennas to the distances and a wave vector; establishing an error equation that quantifies a difference between the magnetic field measurements made by the receiver antennas to magnetic field measurements made by the receiver antennas that would be obtained with an estimated formation electrical characteristic; calculating an error using the error equation for an initial estimated value of the wave vector that comprises a term having a first number multiplied times a second number of radians to provide a plurality of calculated errors; and determining a minimum error from the plurality of calculated errors to estimate the electrical characteristic.

Method and apparatus for inversion in dielectric logging

An apparatus for estimating a property of an earth formation includes: a carrier configured to be conveyed through a borehole penetrating an earth formation; a first fractal-shaped antenna element disposed on the carrier and configured to at least one of transmit electromagnetic energy into the formation and receive electromagnetic energy from the formation; and a second fractal-shaped antenna element electrically connected to the first fractal-shaped antenna element at a connection and configured to at least one of transmit electromagnetic energy into the formation and receive electromagnetic energy from the formation; wherein the second fractal-shaped antenna element is substantially a mirror image of the first fractal antenna element with respect to a reflection about the connection.

Use of a fractal antenna in array dielectric logging

An apparatus for detecting a position of a component in an earth formation is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a transmitter configured to emit a first magnetic field into the earth formation and induce an electric current in the component, the transmitter having a first magnetic dipole extending in a first direction; and a receiver for detecting a second magnetic field generated by the component in response to the first magnetic field, the receiver having a second magnetic dipole extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. A method and computer program product for detecting a position of a component in an earth formation is also disclosed. Apparatus and methods are also disclosed for estimating a position of a second borehole being drilled relative to an existing first borehole.

Apparatus and method for detection of position of a component in an earth formation

An apparatus for estimating a property of a formation penetrated by a borehole, the apparatus having: a first electrode and a second electrode configured to couple to a characteristic impedance of a material disposed in the borehole; a third electrode configured with the first electrode to electrically couple to a characteristic impedance of the formation; a circuit element coupled to the first electrode and to the second electrode and having a characteristic impedance; a first sensing circuit coupled to the circuit element and configured to provide a first signal related to the impedance of the borehole material; and a second sensing circuit coupled to the first electrode and the third electrode and configured to provide a second signal related to the characteristic impedance of the formation; wherein the first signal and the second signal are used to estimate the property. A method is also provided.

Laterolog shunt measurement

An apparatus, method and computer-readable medium for evaluating an earth formation are disclosed. The apparatus includes at least one coil on a logging tool conveyed in a borehole in the earth formation. Passage of a current through the coil induces an electrical current in the earth formation. At least two electrodes associated with the logging tool and in proximity to a wall of the borehole have a potential difference in response to the induced electrical current that is indicative of a property of the earth formation. The at least one coil may be mounted on a mandrel of a downhole assembly. The electrodes may be positioned on a first pad extendable from a mandrel of the downhole assembly.

Method and apparatus for resistivity imaging in boreholes with an antenna and two spaced apart electrodes

A mixed mode tool uses an inductive source and detects galvanic currents and/or potentials at electrodes in proximity to a borehole wall to produce a resistivity image of the earth formation. Alternative, the magnetic field produced by a galvanic current is detected by an antenna coil and used to produce a resistivity image.

Mixed galvanic-inductive imaging in boreholes

An azimuthal resistivity logging tool includes one or more pads for making azimuthal resistivity measurements of earth formation. Current from the pads, guard electrodes and a measure electrode are measured while monitoring the voltage difference between pairs of monitor electrodes. The pads and an adjacent portion of the tool body form a guard electrode. In addition, microelectrodes are provided on the pads for obtaining high resolution resistivity measurements.

Method and apparatus for azimuthal resistivity measurements in a borehole

A mud resistivity measuring device for use in a borehole includes a pair of current electrodes disposed between a pair of guard electrodes. The measure electrodes are carried on a recessed portion of a logging tool so that the measure current flows substantially along the borehole axis and is relatively insensitive to the formation resistivity. A pair of measure electrodes on the logging tool determines a voltage difference caused by the current flow in the borehole.

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Sugar Land, TX, United States of America

Rashid W Khokhar