Bayer Materialscience Ag

Parker-Hannifin Corporation

Randall Mark Feldman

Jonathan R Heim

Electroactive polymer transducers are disclosed. They are biased in a manner that provides for increased force and/or stroke output, thereby offering improved work potential and power output capacity. The biasing may offer additional or alternate functional advantage in terms of matching transducer performance with a given application such as a normally-closed valve. The improved biasing (including increased output biasing) may utilize negative spring rate biasing and/or a combination of negative or zero-rate biasing with positive rate biasing to achieve the desired ends.

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Menlo Park, CA, United States of America

Randall Mark Feldman