International Business Machines Corporation

Ralph Peter Williams

Rick A Hamilton, Ii

Clifford A Pickover

Perry G Hartswick

Ching-Hua Chen-Ritzo

Anthony Joseph Nadalin

Youssef Drissi

Colin George Harrison

Hongfei Li

James Steven Luke

Keeranoor G Kumar

Jurij R Paraszczak

Rania Yousef Khalaf

David Alexander Epstein

Michael G McIntosh

Tyrone Wilberforce Grandison

Ralph A Hertlein

Philip D Tetlow

Vitaliy Bondar

Sreedhar Janaswamy

Shishir Saxena

Barbara Ann Eckman

Paul R Bunter

A computer-implemented method, apparatus and computer program product of question generation in a cognitive system, comprising: receiving a training question; applying rules of grammar and common usage to generate variants of the training question; identifying any generalized versions of specific words, such as verbs or nouns in the training question; identifying any questions related to the training question; filtering out, utilizing a classifier, generated variants which do not make sense; and providing one or more output questions, synonymous to the training question.

Training of cognitive systems

Methods, systems and apparatus for determining a proposed cost for use of sensor resources and selecting a method of processing of sensed data are presented. Such a method includes the steps of: predicting a state of an environment, obtaining at least one criterion related to the use of the sensor resources comprising one or more data sensors, determining the proposed cost for use of the sensor resources, acquiring the sensed data from the one or more data sensors, determining a characteristic of the sensed data, and selecting the method of processing the sensed data according to the determined characteristic and the predicted state. The at least one criterion is based upon the predicted state. The determining of the proposed cost is based on the at least one criterion. One or more of steps are implemented on the processor device.

Determining cost and processing of sensed data

Methods, systems, and products are disclosed in which generating evidence of web services transactions are provided generally by receiving in an ultimate recipient web service from an initial sender a request, the request containing a proof of message origin ('PMO'). The PMO contains an element addressed to the ultimate recipient web service and the element bears a first signature, the first signature having a value. Embodiments also include authenticating the identity of the initial sender; creating a proof of message receipt ('PMR') including signing the value of the first signature; sending the PMR to the initial sender, receiving, by the initial sender, the PMR; and saving, by the initial sender, the PMR.

Generating evidence of web services transactions

A method includes parsing input from a requestor, where the input includes at least one of a query and a command that is parsed into a structured query having an indication of at least one data stream or set of data streams and at least one action to be performed on the at least one data stream or set of data streams. The method further includes mapping the structured query into a graph of processing elements that are selected and interconnected so as to execute the structured query; instantiating the graph of processing elements and connecting and initializing the instantiated graph of processing elements with an identified at least one data stream or set of data streams to receive data there from; and outputting a result of the structured query to the requestor.

System and method for querying data streams

Methods, systems and apparatus for optimizing consumption of one or more resources are presented. For example, a method may be implemented on a processor device and includes obtaining user preferences for the consumption of resources that include water and electricity, predicting the consumption of, and a first metric for the consumption of, the resources for each of a plurality of first time periods, determining a projected second metric for the consumption of the resources during a second time period according to the predicted consumption and the predicted first metric, and optimizing the consumption of the resources according to the projected second metric and the user preferences. The second time period includes the plurality of first time periods. The first metric is associated with the user preferences and at least one of the plurality of first time periods. The second metric indicates full or partial projected attainment of the preferences during the second time period.

Optimizing consumption of resources

A method for operating a knowledge market is disclosed. The method for operating the knowledge market includes creating a knowledge base with a plurality of knowledge assets. A strike value is assigned to each of the knowledge assets. An earned value is calculated for each of the knowledge assets based on the corresponding usage of the knowledge asset.

Method of using market techniques to incentivise and value knowledge building

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Danville, CA, United States of America

Ralph Peter Williams