Other

Universal Fuel Systems, Inc.

Enernext, LLC

Struthers, Mehta and Maxwell

Ralph C Struthers

David B Chang

Reza Toossi

Lijuan Li

Robert G Palomba

Sion Ahdout

Georges A Maxwell

Devendra V Mehta

An apparatus and method for sorption and desorption of molecular gas contained by storage sites of graphite nano-filaments randomly disposed in three-dimensional reticulated aerogel.

Storage device and method for sorption and desorption of molecular gas contained by storage sites of nano-filament laded reticulated aerogel

A system and method for sorption and desorption of molecular gas contained by storage sites of graphite nano-filaments randomly disposed in three-dimensional reticulated aerogel.

Method for sorption and desorption of molecular gas contained by storage sites of nano-filament laded reticulated aerogel

A hydrocarbon fueled hydrogen generator and hydrogen fueled electric power generating system and apparatus comprising hydrocarbon fuel and oxidizer delivery and mixing apparatus, ignition and combustion apparatus igniting the mixture of fuel and oxidizer, apparatus receiving and conducting the gases of combustion through a sulfur absorbing unit and removing sulfur from the gases, a steam reformer unit reforming carbon monoxide gas into hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas, a carbon monoxide scavenger unit reforming residual carbon monoxide gas to hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas; apparatus receiving the hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas and operating to liquefy and separate the carbon dioxide gas from the hydrogen gas; and, structure to hold and deliver the liquid carbon dioxide to useful end; and structure to hold and deliver hydrogen gas to the anode of a hydrogen fueled electric power generating fuel cell.

Hydrocarbon fueled hydrogen fuel generator system and apparatus in combination with hydrogen fuel cells

An implantable artificial endocrine pancreas comprising a reactive body of soft, plastic, biocompatible, porous hydratable material supporting a multiplicity of endocrine pancreatic islets in isolated spaced relationship from each other; and, a microporous barrier membrane enveloping and supporting the body, in spaced relationship from the pancreatic islets therein and through which molecules having a molecular weight greater than 60,000 Daltons cannot move.

Implantable artificial endocrine pancreas

A hydrocarbon (hydrogen)/air aerogel catalyzed carbon electrode fuel cell system comprising an acid electrolyte filled; steam hydrocarbon catalytic reformer with a heater and operating to receive and reduce hydrocarbons and water into a reformed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide gases; a centrifugal gas-separator device receiving reformed gas from the reformer and operating to separate the hydrogen and carbon dioxide gases of the reformed gas and delivering them separately; a fuel cell comprising a micro porous catalyzed-carbon aerogel anode electrode fed with hydrogen gas delivered by the gas separator, a micro porous catalyzed-carbon aerogel cathode electrode fed with oxygen from ambient air, and, a micro porous cation-filled silica hydrogel electrolyte separator between the anode and cathode electrodes; a hydrocarbon fuel supply delivering hydrocarbon fuel to the reformer; a combustion fuel supply selectively delivering hydrocarbon and hydrogen gas to the heater; and, a water supply receiving water produced in the fuel cell by fuel cell reaction and delivering it to the reformer.

Hydrocarbon (hydrogen)/air aerogel catalyzed carbon electrode fuel cell

An electrochemical fuel cell system comprising a fuel supply; an oxidant supply; a refrigerant supply; a fuel cell including a catalytic ceramic perovskite superconductor anode aerogel electrode fed with fuel from said fuel supply, a catalytic ceramic perovskite superconductor aerogel cathode electrode fed with oxidant from said oxidant supply, an electrolyte laded separator between the anode and cathode; and, an external circuit connected with and between the anode and cathode electrodes.

Ceramic aerogel fuel cell

A hydrogen hydride battery including a stack of like cells. Each cell includes novel positive cathode and negative anode electrodes. The negative anode electrodes include micro-porous carbon aerogel structures of randomly disposed interengaged carbon fibers in three-dimensional reticulate form and a hydrogen-absorbing metal alloy structure throughout and conforming generally to and carried by the micro-porous carbon aerogel. The positive cathode electrodes include micro-porous carbon aerogel structures of randomly disposed interengaged carbon fibers in three-dimensional reticulate form that are impregnated with nickelous hydroxide throughout and conforming generally to and carried by the micro-porous carbon aerogel. Central electrolyte separators established of a suitable porous dielectric material, is positioned between positive and negative electrodes.

Metal alloy laded carbon aerogel hydrogen hydride battery

An elongate fuel cell with anode and cathode chambers. A fuel supply delivers a hot fuel gas mixture of steam and methanol or methane to the anode chamber. A catalytic reformer in the anode chamber reforms the fuel gas to hydrogen and carbon dioxide. A hydrogen-permeable anode in the anode chamber is premeated by and diffuses the hydrogen to hydrogen ions and free electrons. A catalytic cathode in the cathode chamber receives hydrogen ions from the anode and is supplied with oxygen from the air. A di-electric, hydrogen-ion-permeable separator is positioned between the anode and the cathode to stop movement of electrons and permit movement of hydrogen ions therebetween. An external electric circuit is connected with and extends between the anode and cathode and conducts the free electrons from the anode to the cathode. The hydrogen ions, oxygen and electrons in the cathode react to produce the by-products, heat and water.

Hydrogen diffusion fuel cell

A gas fueled fuel cell including spaced anode and cathode electrode parts defining anode and cathode gas chambers, means to conduct anode and cathode fuel gases into the chambers and a unit between the parts and separating the chambers. Said unit includes spaced rigid gas and liquid permeable anode and cathode laminates with outer surfaces disposed toward the anode and cathode chambers. Said outer surfaces have catalytic material deposited thereon and establish chemically reactive interfaces between the laminates and their related chambers. The outer surfaces are covered with gas permeable hydrophobic barriers. The cell next includes spacer means between the laminates including a layer of gas and liquid permeable dielectric material. Finally, the cell includes an ion permeable electrolyte compound between spaced opposing inner surfaces of the gas and liquid permeable laminates. The electrolyte is an acid-salt compound which is solid at temperatures below the operating temperatures of the cell and becomes liquid and has increased ion permeability when the cell is heated to operating temperature by chemical reaction therein.

Gas fueled fuel cell

An electro-chemical electric power generating apparatus characterized by first and second electro-chemical fuel cells. Each cell includes a case containing spaced anode and cathode plates, an electrolyte between the plates and an external electric circuit connected therebetween. The apparatus next includes a steam-methane reformer to reform steam and methane to hydrogen enriched gas fuel. The cathode and anode fuels of the first cell are methanol and hydrogen and the byproducts of chemical reaction thereof are water and methane gas. The cathode and anode fuels of the second cell are oxygen and hydrogen and the byproduct of chemical reaction thereof is water. The methane gas byproduct of the first cell and the water byproduct of both cells are conducted to the steam-methane reformer and are reformed thereby into hydrogen enriched fuel gas which is conducted to and feeds the anodes of both of the cells.

Methanol hydrogen fuel cell system

A catholyte regenerating apparatus for a fuel cell having a cathode section containing a catholyte solution and wherein fuel cell reaction reduces the catholyte to gas and water. The apparatus includes means to conduct partially reduced water diluted catholyte from the fuel cell and means to conduct the gas from the fuel cell to a mixing means. An absorption tower containing a volume of gas absorbing liquid solvent receives the mixed together gas and diluted catholyte from the mixing means within the absorption column, the gas is absorbed by the solvent and the gas ladened solvent and diluted catholyte are commingled. A liquid transfer means conducts gas ladened commingled solvent and electrolyte from the absorption column to an air supply means wherein air is added and commingled therewith and a stoichiometric volume of oxygen from the air is absorbed thereby. A second liquid transfer means conducts the gas ladened commingled solvent and diluted catholyte into a catalyst column wherein the oxygen and gas react to reconstitute the catholyte from which the gas was generated and wherein the reconstituted diluted catholyte is separated from the solvent. Recirculating means conducts the solvent from the catalyst column back into the absorption column and liquid conducting means conducts the reconstituted catholyte to a holding tank preparatory for recirculation through the cathode section of the fuel cell.

Fuel cell catholyte regenerating apparatus

A system and apparatus for supplying and circulating fresh electrolyte to and through the anode and ion exchange sections of a plurality of related air/metal fuel cells; preventing the flow of shunt currents through the electrolyte between the fuel cell sections; removing heat produced by fuel cell reaction from the electrolyte; removing solid byproducts of fuel cell reaction from the electrolyte; and reconstituting spent electrolyte. The system and apparatus commingles electrolyte with a hydrophobic liquid dielectric which has a specific gravity which is less than the specific gravity of the electrolyte and conducting the commingled liquids through small diameter conductors of dielectric material to the fuel cell sections. The liquid dielectric in the electrolytes and conductors maintain a current path in the electrolyte open and prevent the flow of shunt currents. The system and apparatus operate to separate commingled liquid dielectric and electrolyte flowing from the fuel cell sections; removes heat carried from the cell sections by the liquid dielectric; recommingles the liquid dielectric and electrolyte and reintroduces into the cell sections. The system and apparatus operate to intermittently transfer portions of partially spent byproduct ladened electrolyte circulated through the anode sections of the cells to a separator in which the byproduct is removed from the spent electrolyte.

Fuel cell electrolyte supply system and apparatus

A flat, laminated fuel cell gas electrode arranged between and separating gas and liquid mediums in a fuel cell. The electrode includes a flat, perforated sheet metal support and electric conductor part with a rear surface disposed toward the gas medium, a flat, hydrophobic gas permeable membrane with a rear surface in contact with a front surface of said part, a flat liquid and gas permeable metallic current collector with a rear surface spaced from a front surface of said membrane and with a front surface disposed toward the liquid medium, a catalytic barrier structure of bonded together particulate catalytic material and metal conductor filaments by and in electric conducting contact with the collector and having a rear surface in contact with the front surface of the membrane and a plurality of spaced apart electric conducting fasteners engaged with and between said part and collector securing the parts of the electrode in assembled relationship and electrically connecting the current collector with said part.

Fuel cell electrode

A primary fuel cell including an elongate case defining a central ion exchange compartment with opposite ends and containing a liquid ionolyte. The case next defines an anode section at one end of the case and including a gas compartment containing boron monoxide gas fuel, a liquid compartment between the gas compartment and the ion exchange compartment and containing a liquid anolyte. The ionolyte and anolyte are separated by a cationic membrane. The gas and liquid compartments are separated by an anode plate including an electron collector part, a catalyst material carried by said part and a gas permeable hydrophobic membrane between the boron monoxide gas and the catalyst material. The cell further includes a cathode section at the other end of the case defining a cathode fuel compartment containing a fluid cathode fuel and a cathode plate between and separating the cathode fuel and the ionolyte in the ion exchange compartment. The cathode plate includes an electron distributor part and a catalyst material carried by the distributor part. If the cathode fuel is a gas fuel, the cathode plate also includes a gas permeable hydrophobic membrane between the catalyst material carried by the distributor part and the cathode fuel. The cathode and anode plates have terminals connected with a related external electric circuit.

Boron monoxide-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell

A metal/gas fuel cell comprising an anode chamber filled with a base anolyte solution, a metallic anode plate immersed in the anolyte; an ion exchange chamber filled with a base ionolyte solution adjacent the anode chamber; a cationic membrane between the anode and ion exchange chambers separating the anolyte and ionolyte; a cathode plate adjacent the ion exchange chamber remote from the cationic membrane with one surface in contact with the ionolyte and another surface in contact with a cathode fuel gas. The cathode plate is a laminated structure including a layer of hydrophyllic material in contact with the ionolyte, a layer of gas permeable hydrophobic material in contact with the gas and a gas and liquid permeable current collector of inert material with catalytic surfaces within the layer of hydrophyllic material. The anode and cathode plates are connected with an external electric circuit which effects the flow of electrons from the anode plate to the cathode plate.

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Saugus, CA, United States of America

Ralph C Struthers