The Dow Chemical Company

Ralph A Davis

R Garth Pews

Randy C Stauffer

James H Plonka

Laurence I Peterson

Joseph J Pedjac

Ronald G Tigner

An acidic, aqueous oxidant including ionized bromate, iodate and a soluble vanadium-containing material.

Oxidizing medium for dyes

Benzotrihalides are prepared by pyrolyzing a substituted phenyl trihaloacetate of the formula ##STR1## wherein each X is halo, nitro, alkyloxy, aryloxy, aralkyoxy, cyano, lower alkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxy, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, carbamoyl, N,N-dialkylcarbamoyl, N,N-diarylcarbamoyl, or N,N-diaralkyloxy;

Process for preparing substituted benzotrihalides

An acidic, aqueous oxidant including ionized bromate, iodate and a soluble molybdenum-containing material.

Organic halides containing at least one halogen-replaceable bromine atom are reacted with chlorine in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of the halides of antimony, tin, zinc, or vanadium to form a corresponding organic halide having at least the one bromine atom replaced by a chlorine atom.

Preparation of organic halides

The rate of photochlorination of methyl aromatic compounds, such as toluene, cresol, xylene, toluenesulfonyl chloride, methylnaphthalene, diphenylmethane, etc., is increased when carried out in the presence of bromine.

Photochlorination process for methyl aromatic compounds

The title compound is made by the direct bromination of citraconic anhydride in the vapor phase at 200.degree.-500.degree. C. with a contact time of less than about 20 seconds. The reactants are preferably diluted with an inert solvent, such as a halogenated hydrocarbon and/or a gaseous diluent, such as N.sub.2.

Process for making .beta.-bromocitraconic anhydride

A new process for preparing .gamma.-halonitriles comprising reacting by contacting a 1,3-dihalopropane, such as 1-chloro-3-bromopropane, or mixtures thereof, such as 1-chloro-3-bromopropane and 1-chloro-3-iodopropane, with an alkali metal cyanide, such a sodium cyanide, in the presence of an onium salt, such as benzyltriethylammonium chloride, and an alkali metal halide, such as sodium chloride. The .gamma.-halonitriles are useful in preparing cyclopropylcyanide, a herbicide intermediate.

Process for production of .gamma.-halonitriles

Brominated pentaerythritols are prepared at reaction temperatures of from about 85.degree. to 135.degree.C. by reacting pentaerythritol with HBr in the liquid phase employing a solvent medium containing from about 0.8 to about 25 mole percent of an aliphatic carboxylic acid of 2 to 8 carbon atoms and their anhydrides, based on the pentaerythritol. The HBr is fed continuously to the reactor throughout the reaction. The water formed as a result of the reaction remains in the reaction mixture until substantial completion of the reaction. The product can be predominantly dibromoneopentyl glycol or tribromoneopentyl alcohol and is characterized by the absence of tar formation.

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Midland, MI, United States of America

Ralph A Davis