Schott Glaswerke

Schott Ag

Ralf-Dieter Werner

Friedrich G Baucke

Thomas Pfeiffer

Olaf Claussen

Gernot Roeth

Sylvia Biedenbender

Ulrike Stoehr

Gernot Roth

The process according to the invention reduces the effort required to shape a glass piece. In this process a liquid glass piece is provided on a structured supporting surface of an electrically conducting base. A voltage is applied across the liquid glass piece by connecting a voltage source between a contact position on the liquid glass piece and the electrically conducting base. The apparatus for performing the process has an electrically conducting base on which the liquid glass piece is supported and a device for applying a voltage between a contact position on the liquid glass piece and the electrically conducting base.

Method for changing the boundary surface tension of a liquid glass piece and apparatus for performing said method

The method of electrochemical determination of oxygen partial pressure in ionic melts includes providing a metal/metal oxide reference electrode consisting of an electrode body made of a metal selected from the group consisting of Mo, W, Hf, Nb and Ta and alloys thereof and a layer of an oxide of that metal on the electrode body; immersing a pure platinum electrode and the metal/metal oxide reference electrode in a glass melt; measuring a potential across the metal/metal oxide reference electrode and the pure platinum electrode immersed in the glass melt to obtain a measured potential characteristic of the oxygen partial pressure in the glass melt; obtaining a calibration curve relating the potential across said reference electrode and the pure platinum electrode to the oxygen partial pressure in the glass melt as a function of temperature; and obtaining the oxygen partial pressure in the glass melt from the measured potential and the calibration curve. Either the calibration curve is obtained experimentally by immersing a Zirconium dioxide electrode in the glass melt and measuring a potential difference between the metal/metal oxide reference electrode and the Zirconium dioxide electrode at a plurality of temperatures or theoretically from thermodynamic data for the metal/metal oxide reference electrode.

Reference electrode for electrochemical determination of oxygen partial

The invention relates to a measuring device to measure the oxygen partial pressure, in particular, glass melts, comprising a platinum measuring electrode and a reference electrode arrangement. The reference electrode arrangement is placed in an outer pipe and contains a platinum reference electrode. The electrode protrudes into an oxygen-conducting solid electrolyte, through which an oxygen-containing reference gas flows. For ion-conducting contact with the melt, a rod-shaped contact element of oxygen-ion conducting material is inserted into the open lower end of the outer pipe. This contact element is immersed in the melt. To prevent the inflow of environmental vapors into the measuring space through leaks at this connecting point, the actual measuring arrangement is placed in a liner pipe of oxygen-ion conducting material whose lower end is in ion-conducting contact with the contact element by way of an oxygen-ion conducting powdered material. Additionally, the annular space around the liner pipe can be separated from the interior of the liner pipe, and a flow of inert gas can be provided through the annular space via gas inlet and outlet connections.

Method and device for measuring the oxygen partial pressure in

Growing community of inventors

Laufersweiler, Germany

Ralf-Dieter Werner