Gm Global Technolgoy Operations, Inc.

Rajesh Raghavan

John E Carsley

Anil Kumar Sachdev

James C O'Kane

Raja K Mishra

Sampath K Vanimisetti

Senthil Kumar Vadivelu

Shashank Tiwari

Sushil Kumar Mishra

Methods for determining a recovery state of a metal alloy are disclosed herein. In one example, a fluctuation in a crystallographic grain orientation of the metal alloy is determined by utilizing electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data of the metal alloy. A processor of an electron backscatter diffraction machine utilizes a local orientation deviation quantifier to correlate the fluctuation in the crystallographic grain orientation of the metal alloy with a plastic strain recovery of the metal alloy. Other examples of the method are also disclosed herein.

Methods for determining a recovery state of a metal alloy

A hemming station is configured for hemming a panel assembly including an outer panel having a hem flange defined by a hem edge. The hemming station includes a roller configured to fold the hem flange, a heating device configured to heat the hem edge, and a control unit. The control unit is configured to control the roller and the heating device such that the roller folds the hem flange when the temperature of the hem edge is in a predetermined temperature range.

Hemmed metal panels, hemming apparatuses, and hemming methods

Defrosting, defogging, and de-icing structures are disclosed herein. An example of the structure includes at least one optically transparent member, at least one electrical strip extending along the at least one surface of the at least one optically transparent member; and an optically transparent composite established on at least the at least one surface of the at least one optically transparent member. The composite is in thermal communication with the at least one electrical strip. The composite includes a matrix, and a predetermined amount of graphene. The predetermined amount is based upon a predetermined transparency for the structure and a predetermined thermal conductivity of the structure. Furthermore, the structure is configured such that the graphene functions as a thermal conductor for substantially uniform heating of the composite and not an electrical conductor.

Defrosting, defogging and de-icing structures

An apparatus for hemming multiple panels includes an anvil having a first panel and a second panel supported thereon. A roller mechanism and a curing mechanism are mounted to the hemming apparatus. The roller mechanism is adapted to move relative to the panels to fold a flanged portion of the first panel onto an edge portion of the second panel to form a joint. The curing mechanism is adapted to move relative to the panels to cure an adhesive located within the joint formed between the first panel and the second panel. The curing mechanism is located proximate to the roller mechanism, such that the first panel and the second panel may be supported by the anvil while the curing mechanism at least partially cures the adhesive.

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Bengaluru, India

Rajesh Raghavan