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General Electric Technology Gmbh

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Melexis Tessenderlo N.v.

Ecole Polytechnique Féderale De Lausanne (Epfl)

Radivoje Popovic

Robert Racz

Thomas Seitz

Jan Hrejsa

Katalin Solt

Jean-Luc Berchier

Heinz Lienhard

Hubert Blanchard

Toshiki Kindo

Christian Schott

Roland Richard Moser

Mineki Soga

Pavel Kejik

Serge Reymond

Beat Halg

Heinrich P Baltes

Marjan Blagojevic

Alexandre Pauchard

Gernot Schneider

Jan Petr

Bernard Revaz

Cristiano Niclass

Yo Yamagata

Sasa Spasic

Sasa Dimitrijevic

Walter Trachslin

Koji Shibahara

Pierre-Andre Besse

Tomislav Zajc

Zeno Stossel

Ian James Walker

Marc Lany

Karron Louis Law

Reinoud Felix Wolffenbuttel

Kota Ito

Urs Falk

Mirjana Banjevic

Axel Krause

Dragana Popovic Renella

Enrico Schurig

Nebosja Radosevic

Alexis Rochas

Dragan Manic

Adrian Flanagan

Renella Dragana Popovic

Ivano Zalunardo

A magnetic field sensor system comprising a first magnetic field sensor, one or more second magnetic field sensors and an amplifier and all magnetic field sensors are connected in series so that the respective output signals can be added up to a common input signal of the amplifier.

Magnetic sensor with low noise and a high bandwidth

A calibration tool for calibrating a magnetic sensor comprises a cuboid-shaped housing and one or more permanent magnets. The housing is configured to provide six alignment planes. The alignment planes lying opposite to each other extend parallel to each other and the alignment planes lying adjacent to each other include an angle of 90&#xb0;. The housing has one or more holes allowing to position a magnetic sensor in a working volume located in the center of the housing. The housing may have six sidewalls. One or more of the sidewalls may include one or more adjustable element protruding from the respective sidewall. The adjustable elements may be screws. Permanent magnets of different materials having different temperature coefficients may be used to eliminate the temperature dependence of the magnetic field in the working volume.

Calibration tool for calibrating a magnetic sensor

The invention concerns an angle sensor and a method of measuring an angle of a magnetic field. The angle sensor is configured to measure a direction of a magnetic field in a plane, comprising a first magnetic field sensor having a first sensitivity direction and delivering a first voltage, a second magnetic field sensor having a second sensitivity direction and delivering a second voltage, a first current source supplying a first biasing current to the first magnetic field sensor, a second current source supplying a second biasing current to the second magnetic field sensor (), and electronic circuitry configured to adjust the first biasing current and the second biasing current in such a manner that a sum of the first voltage and the second voltage equals 0.

Angle sensor and method of measuring an angle of a magnetic field

The present invention concerns current transducers for measuring a current flowing through a cable. The current transducers have a ferromagnetic core providing a substantially ring-shaped portion and at least two legs. The ring-shaped portion has one air gap or two air gaps. A magnetic field sensor is placed in or at each of the air gap(s). The ring-shaped portion forms a magnetic circuit that encloses the cable and guides the magnetic field generated by current to the air gap(s). Each leg extends from the center of the associated magnetic field sensor in a direction that runs perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the cable and has a certain length. The length of the legs is designed so long that at least two magnetic paths are formed which guide a component of an external magnetic field which extends in the direction of the legs around the magnetic field sensor(s).

Current transducer for measuring an electrical current

A vertical Hall device has a deep N-well, two inner contacts, two outer contacts and, optionally, a central contact disposed at a surface of the deep N-well and arranged along a straight symmetry line. The vertical Hall device is designed according to the invention to have an effective width of the outer contacts that is bigger than an effective width of the inner contacts. A shallow highly doped Pstripe may be disposed between the inner contacts or between each of the inner contacts and the central contact. These measures help to balance the resistances of the Wheatstone bridge which describes the electrical characteristics of the vertical Hall device.

Vertical hall device

A photodetector disclosed herein comprises an avalanche transistor having a reference junction structure in which temperature characteristics of a current amplification factor are about the same as those of an avalanche photodiode and which is reverse-biased, and a current injection junction structure which injects a reference current to the reference junction structure and which is forward-biased. Voltages to be applied to the avalanche photodiode and the reference junction structure are controlled so that the amplification factor of the reference current amplified in the reference junction structure is retained at a predetermined value, whereby the temperature characteristics of the photodetector utilizing an avalanche effect can be stabilized.

Photodetector

A magnetic field sensor for measuring a direction of a magnetic field in a plane having two sensing structures (A;B) that can be operated as a rotating Hall element. The two Hall elements are rotated in discrete steps in opposite directions. Such a magnetic field sensor can be used as current sensor for measuring a primary current flowing through a conductor ().

Magnetic field sensor measuring a direction of a magnetic field in a plane and current sensor

A pn-junction in a semiconductor element is made in that, within a zone of a first conductivity type, by means of implantation, a first and second zone of a second conductivity type are formed which are initially separated from each other, with subsequent diffusion processes, as a result of lateral diffusion, the first and second zones combine into a connected well, by means of implantation, a further zone of the first conductivity type is formed which completely overlaps the first zone of the second conductivity type and which is larger than the first zone, and which does not touch the second zone of the second conductivity type.

Method of making a pn-junction in a semiconductor element

A flame detector with a radiation sensor ( ) sensitive in the ultra-violet and/or visible range of the electro-magnetic spectrum, forms from the signal U at the output of the radiation sensor, a first signal U which is proportional to the direct voltage portion of the signal U , and a second signal U which is proportional to the alternating voltage portion of the signal U . The output signal UA of the flame detector is formed such that UA&equals;U &minus;U . Ignition sparks can thereby be effectively suppressed.

Flame detector

The photosensitive semiconductor element according to the invention comprises a substrate,, an intermediate layer,and an outer layer,, wherein the intermediate layer,is at least partially embedded within the substrate,and the outer layer,is at least partially embedded within the intermediate layer,and the intermediate layer,and the outer layer,form a photosensitive region,for the generation of a light-dependent signal R such as for example a photocurrent. In this arrangement the outer layer,is divided into mutually spaced regions,which are separated by intermediate regions,of the intermediate layer,. The spaced regions,of the outer layer then serve for example as the anode,of the photosensitive semiconductor element which can be connected to a suitable electronic evaluation arrangement. The spaced regions,prevent the formation of an inactive layer,which, by virtue of recombination phenomena in respect of charge carriers, results in a reduction in the photocurrent produced by the incident light.

Photosensitive semiconductor element having an outer layer divided into mutually spaced regions

A magnetic field sensor has two flux concentrators which serve to strengthen a magnetic field to be measured and which are separated by an air gap. Two Hall elements are arranged outside the air gap in such a way that at least a part of the field lines which lead from the first to the second flux concentrator pass through the two Hall elements in approximately opposite directions. Such a magnetic field sensor is less sensitive to external interference fields. It is suitable for the measurement of very weak magnetic fields and also for use as a current and/or energy sensor.

Magnetic field sensor comprising two hall elements

Magnetic field sensor and current and/or energy sensor

An integrated circuit includes a photo diode having a first electrically isolated portion of an epitaxial layer of a first conductivity type, a first semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type disposed therein, a second semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type disposed in the first semiconductor layer, and a third semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type disposed in the second semiconductor layer. A vertical bipolar transistor connected to the diode includes a collector layer including a second electrically isolated portion of the epitaxial layer of the first conductivity type, a base layer of the second conductivity type, disposed therein, which base layer is approximately as thick, in a direction X perpendicular to the surface, and is doped with an approximately equal concentration of impurities, as the first semiconductor layer of the photo diode, and an emitter layer of the first conductivity type disposed in the base layer which is approximately as thick, in the direction X, and is doped with an approximately equal concentration of impurities, as the second semiconductor layer of the photo diode. The second semiconductor layer is doped with a concentration Y of impurities and has an active region with a thickness W.sub.1 in the direction X and the base layer is doped with a concentration Z of impurities and has an active region with a thickness W.sub.2 in the direction X such that ##EQU1## where x is measured in the direction X.

Integrated circuit with an integrated color-selective photo diode and an

A calibration process utilizes two nearly identical sensors. The characteristic output curve of the first sensor is obtained using the measuring outputs of the second sensor. In particular, the first sensor has a characteristic output curve f[x] where x is a physical variable to be measured. The second sensor has an output curve y[x].apprxeq.f[x+a]. Starting from an initially known portion of the curve f[x], outputs of the second sensor are utilized to extend the known portion of the characteristic output curve f[x] of the first sensor into ranges of the variable x where this function is not yet known.

Process for automatic calibration or re-calibration of measurements of a

In an embodiment of the invention, a magnetic sensor comprises an IC magnetic flux sensor and two magnetic flux concentrators (18,19) which are each a section of a ferromagnetic lead frame. A section (18b) of a first magnetic flux concentrator (18), a semiconductor chip (4) and a section (19b) of a second magnetic flux concentrator create a sub-unit (18b;4;19b) having three sandwich like layers (I,II,III). A further section (18a) of first magnetic flux concentrator (18) is a sheet metal object having the shape of a single staircase-like step. The step exhibits a first surface section (22) and a second surface section (23) parallel thereto. One side of first surface section (22) is disposed on top of semiconductor chip (4) in the first layer (I). Second surface section (23) and semiconductor chip (4) are disposed in the second layer (II). A section (17) of a non-ferromagnetic lead frame mounting semiconductor chip (4) and the second magnetic flux concentrator (19) are disposed in the third layer (III). The configuration can without difficulty be assembled and packaged in a conventional assembly line, whereby expensive alignment operations during assembly and the occurrence of relatively large and inaccurate air-gaps can be avoided.

Plurality of arrangements each including an IC magnetic field sensor and

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Zug, Switzerland

Radivoje Popovic