Ultralogic 6g, LLC

Autonomous Roadway Intelligence, LLC

Other

Mednovus, Inc.

Ultralogic 5g, LLC

Sonique Surgical Systems, Inc.

Virtual-eye.com

Quantum Magnetics, Inc.

Orincon Corp.

Ultralogic Sg, LLC

Plusoptix Ag

Proton Sciences Corp.

R Kemp Massengill

David Edward Newman

David E Newman

Richard J McClure

Peter Victor Czipott

William Frank Avrin

Sankaran Kumar

Dariusz Wroblewski

Johannes Braeuning

Frederick J Jeffers

Tulio T Parisi

Stephen Wolff

Lowell J Burnett

John Moses Osepchuk

Hans-Juergen Thiel

Stefan Schueller

Esther S Massengill

William J Avrin

Gerhard Braeuning

Many wireless receivers in 5G and 6G are expected to use DRX (discontinuous reception) to save power. What is lacking is an efficient procedure to inform the DRX users that they have an incoming message on hold at the base station. Therefore, a procedure is disclosed for the base station to assign each user device to a section and a position within that section. Then the base station can periodically broadcast a polling message including only those sections that have at least one waiting with a message on hold. In addition, each user device is assigned a single bit at a calculated position in the polling message, so that each DRX user can determine when it has a message on hold. In addition, the base station can assign an equally compact and efficient reply region for each ready user to request its message, thereby saving time and resources.

Resource-efficient polling method for delivering messages to 5G/6G users

A system and method to avoid collisions on highways, and to minimize the fatalities, injury, and damage when a collision is unavoidable. The system includes sensor means to detect other vehicles, and computing means to evaluate when a collision is imminent and to determine whether the collision is avoidable. If the collision is avoidable by a sequence of controlled accelerations and decelerations and steering, the system implements that sequence of actions automatically. If the collision is unavoidable, a different sequence is implemented to minimize the overall harm of the unavoidable collision. The system further includes indirect mitigation steps such as flashing the brake lights automatically. An optional post-collision strategy is implemented to prevent secondary collisions, particularly if the driver is incapacitated. Adjustment means enable the driver to set the type and timing of automatic interventions.

Systems and methods for hazard mitigation

For improved reception of PDCCH (physical downlink control channel) messages in 5G and 6G, each message can be preceded by a special demarcation, and optionally followed by another (preferably different) demarcation. For even better reception, the two demarcations may be configured as short-form demodulation references that exhibit two predetermined modulation levels of the modulation scheme, such as the maximum and minimum amplitude or phase levels. For optimal reception, one or both demarcations may be surrounded by gaps, consisting of a single resource element with no transmission. Downlink messages with such multi-functional demarcations may greatly simplify the task of user devices in receiving their control messages from the base station.

Combined downlink demarcations and demodulation references in 5G/6G

A base station can cause a multitude of user devices in a network to be synchronized with the base station's clock using an ultra-lean low-complexity procedure in 5G or 6G. On a predetermined interval, the base station can transmit a timing signal in the guard-space of a predetermined resource element. The timing signal is a 180-degree phase reversal of the cyclic prefix centered in the guard-space. Each user device can receive the timing signal, determine how far the received timestamp point is from the middle of the guard-space (as viewed by the user device), and thereby determine a timing error between the user device clock and the base station clock, and correct the user device clock accordingly. In addition, the user device can average the timing adjustments over a number of instances, thereby determining a frequency offset if the average differs significantly from zero, and thereby adjust the clock frequency.

Phase-shift guard-space timestamp point for 5G/6G synchronization

Currently, if a wireless device transmits a message but it is not received properly, the device is required to wait a variable time before retransmitting the message, and that waiting time is increased after each unsuccessful attempt. This is to reduce network congestion at high traffic rates, but it also puts certain users at an unfair disadvantage. For example, a user that has tried repeatedly to communicate is forced to wait longer and longer intervals, while another user is permitted to communicate without delay on the same channel. Clearly, this is an unfair situation. Therefore, disclosed herein is an alternate protocol in which users are given increasing priority after each failed attempt, specifically by reducing the fixed waiting time and/or a random backoff delay, before the next attempt. Simulations show that this change substantially eliminates the unfairness.

Wireless message scheduling for improved fairness

Beam alignment is a critical requirement in 5G-Advanced and 6G due to the high density of user devices anticipated in the coming years. However, prior-art beam alignment procedures are slow and costly in terms of resource usage. Therefore, disclosed herein are methods enabling a user device to determine the direction toward the base station rapidly at very low cost. The base station emits a tailored pulse with an angle-dependent phase, varying from a first phase at a first angle, to a second phase at a second angle, followed by a uniform-phase calibrator pulse. The user device can measure the as-received phase of the tailored pulse relative to the calibrator pulse, and thereby determine the user's direction relative to the base station. The user device can then inform the base station of the received phase, which is proportional to the angle. Both user and base station thereby obtain instant beam alignment.

Rapid, automatic directional beam alignment in 5G/6G networks

Message faulting is expected to be a major challenge in 5G-Advanced and especially 6G, due to increased pathloss and phase noise at FR2 frequencies, and exponential crowding of networks. Legacy methods for forward-correction or automatic retransmissions are unsuitable to the fast-paced demands of next-generation users. Therefore, disclosed herein is an AI-based receiver that interprets a corrupted message to determine the most likely meaning or intent, and thereby provides one or more candidate corrected messages along with a likelihood that each of the candidate corrected messages is indeed correct. The AI model may also be provided with data on the context or current activity of the receiver, data on the waveform of each message element, and other data available to the receiver, so that the AI model can further refine the likelihood values. By recovering corrupted messages in the receiver, a costly retransmission may be avoided, saving time and resource usage.

AI-based message interpretation and fault mitigation in 5G and 6G

Inter-vehicle signaling is essential for cooperative collision mitigation. Disclosed are systems and methods for autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles to identify each other, localize each other, and then cooperate in avoiding a collision if avoidable, and minimizing the harm of the collision if not avoidable. Examples include simultaneous wireless and infrared signals that enable other vehicles to specifically identify each cooperating vehicle, so that an evasion strategy can be developed. Additionally, the signaling can include, in the wireless messages or the infrared signals, or both, the wireless address of the transmitting vehicle, thereby enabling unicast communication and greatly improved coordination thereafter. This system will save lives.

Inter-vehicle signaling for collision avoidance and harm minimization

In 5G and expected 6G networks, beam control is a crucial requirement. Disclosed are methods for user devices to assist a base station in correctly aiming downlink beams toward each user device, and to compensate for Doppler-effect frequency offsets, and to properly adjust the transmission power for adequate reception without generating unnecessary background radiation, among many other transmission parameters to be adjusted in real-time. The feedback messages by be extremely brief, such as a single resource element appended to an acknowledgement message, and may be multiplexed with other beam adjustment requests in a predetermined code. Mobile user devices in an ad-hoc sidelink network can align their beams using such feedback procedures. In a similar way, base stations or core networks can exchange messages with each other (as in wireless backhaul) with frequent feedback-controlled adjustment of the beam parameters, for more efficient exchange of messages between cells.

Feedback protocols for near-real-time 5G/6G transmission optimization

An unsolved problem in 5G-Advanced and especially 6G is message fault mitigation without a costly retransmission. Methods are disclosed for the receiver to analyze each message element's received waveform signal to detect characteristic features of interference and noise, such as excessive amplitude or phase variation within the message element or excessive deviation from the predetermined modulation levels of the modulation scheme, and to provide that data to an AI model trained in message fault correction. The AI model can then identify the faulted message elements, and attempt to correct them according to the likely intent or meaning of the message based on the non-faulted message elements, and on the bit sequences of previously received non-faulted messages, and other criteria that the AI model may apply. By repairing the message upon receipt, the costs in time, transmission power, and background noise generation may be avoided. Next-generation users will enjoy the improved reception.

Reliability optimization by AI-based fault mitigation in 5G/6G

Access to FR2 (high frequency bands) is essential for anticipated high-demand networking in 5G-Advanced and 6G systems. Unfortunately, phase noise is an unavoidable barrier, greatly limiting message reliability. Therefore, a low-cost solution is provided in which the transmitter (either base station or user device) transmits a special phase-tracking reference signal consisting of zero amplitude in one branch, and a predetermined non-zero amplitude in the other branch. For example, in QAM, the I-branch may be powered according to the maximum branch amplitude of the modulation scheme, and the Q-branch may have zero amplitude as transmitted. The receiver, on the other hand, generally measures a non-zero amplitude in the received Q branch due to phase noise, which rotates the I and Q branches into each other. The receiver can then determine the phase rotation angle precisely by measuring the non-zero amplitude in the Q branch, negating phase noise at negligible cost.

Phase-noise mitigation by embedded phase-tracking signals in 5G/6G

Networks operating at high frequencies in 5G and 6G may reduce the incidence of phase faulting by declaring that, above a specified frequency, messages are to be modulated according to multiplexed amplitude-phase modulation, instead of the QAM modulation generally used at lower frequencies. Multiplexed amplitude-phase modulation can provide larger phase margins than QAM of the same order, by arranging the modulation phase levels to be equally spaced-apart which they are not in QAM. For example, with 4 amplitude and 4 phase levels (16 states), the various modulation states can be separated by 90 degrees of phase, whereas in 16QAM the minimum phase separation is only 36.9 degrees, a serious problem at higher frequencies where phase noise predominates. In addition, QAM cannot accommodate non-square modulation tables, which are readily provided by amplitude-phase modulation, further enhancing fault-mitigation options.

Selecting a modulation scheme responsive to fault types in 5G/6G

Reliable communications is a central goal of 5G and 6G. However, due to signal fading at high frequencies and interference due to crowding, message faults continue to be a problem. Disclosed are methods for base station and user devices to adjust the modulation scheme according to the types of faults received, including amplitude faults (incorrectly demodulated amplitude levels) and phase faults (incorrectly demodulated phase levels), among others. The base station can select a more suitable modulation scheme based on the types of faults observed by user devices, such as modulation schemes with more or fewer amplitude levels and phase levels. In some versions, the number of amplitude levels is different from the number of phase levels, to combat specific fault problems.

Selecting a modulation scheme to mitigate specific fault types in 5G and 6G

Human drivers generally cannot plan a collision evasion maneuver in the brief interval before impact, other than simply slamming on the brakes and hoping for the best. Often the collision could have been avoided by swerving or other sequence of actions. Therefore, improved collision avoidance and mitigation procedures are disclosed, based on a well-trained artificial intelligence (AI) model that takes over the accelerator, brake, and steering in an emergency. With fast electronic reflexes and AI-based computational power, the AI model can find a more effective avoidance maneuver, or at least an action that would minimize the harm (for example, by swerving to miss the passenger compartment). The AI model can then implement the sequence instantly, without fear or hesitation. The result—fewer collisions and less fatality on our highways.

Collision avoidance and minimization using an AI model

For more efficient use of the limited bandwidth in 5G and 6G communications, and to enable longer battery life in remote user devices, the user device can request that unnecessary downlink control messages be withheld. Instead, a custom search-space can be assigned to the user device, such that all downlink data messages will begin in one of the resource elements of the custom search-space, thereby greatly simplifying the user device's task of detecting its incoming messages in a stream of unrelated transmissions. In addition, the user device can request that the user device's identification code, and optionally the length of the data message, be prepended to the data message, for further assistance to low-cost reduced-capability user devices that do not require low latency.

Growing community of inventors

Palos Verdes, CA, United States of America

R Kemp Massengill