Finisar Corporation

Agilent Technologies, Inc.

Avago Technologies Fiber IP Pte Ltd.

Qing Deng

John Herniman

Giorgio Giaretta

Thomas Lenosky

Ruldolf J Hofmeister

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and methods of making the same are described. The VCSELs include reliability-enhancing layers that perform specific functions at one or more critical locations within a VCSEL structure to reduce or prevent defect formation and migration that otherwise might degrade VCSEL performance, for example, by increasing optical absorption in the mirror stacks or by degrading the electro-optic properties of the active region. In particular, the reliability-enhancing layers are configured to perform one or more of the following functions within the VCSEL structure: gettering (i.e., removing defects or impurities from critical regions), strain balancing (i.e., compensating the lattice mismatch in the structure to minimize strain), and defect suppression (i.e., creating alloys that reduce the formation of defects during growth or post-growth activities). By strategically positioning one or more appropriately configured reliability-enhancing layers with respect to an identified defect source, the invention enables VCSEL structures to be modified in a way that enhances the reliability and performance of VCSEL devices.

Reliability-enhancing layers for vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) module that is configured to operate in a wide temperature range without severely minimizing its lifetime or requiring excessive drive current. The VCSEL portion of the VCSEL module is tuned to operate efficiently at a higher than normal temperature. In addition to the VCSEL, the VCSEL module includes a heater and a temperature sensor that are used to maintain a particular minimum temperature that is within the efficient operation range of the VCSEL. By maintaining a temperature that is within the efficient operation range, the VCSEL module reduces the current required to operate the VCSEL and extends the overall lifetime of the VCSEL. The additional components of the VCSEL module do not interfere in any way with the signal quality produced by the VCSEL.

Wide temperature range vertical cavity surface emitting laser

A distributed feedback ('DFB') laser featuring improved manufacturing yield and operational characteristics is disclosed. The present DFB laser includes a bottom confinement layer, an active region, and a top confinement layer disposed atop an n-doped substrate. A p-doped first top layer having a first index of refraction is disposed atop the top confinement layer. A grating is defined in the top surface of the first top layer, and a p-doped second top layer is overlaid on the grating. The two laser end facets are antireflectively coated. The grating is anisotropically etched to define a low kappa grating half and a high kappa grating half. Light waves produced in the active region interact with the grating and are biased toward the low kappa grating half that results in the majority of light signals passing through the end facet adjacent the low kappa grating half.

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Qing Deng