Nanogen, Inc.

Prashant P Mehta

Paul David Swanson

Michael I Nerenberg

Daniel D Smolko

Lorelei P Westin

Ray R Radtkey

Ed Sheldon

Geoffrey C Landis

Kenneth A Bloch

Manuel Jimenez

Dana Vollmer

Novel polymorphisms of prokaryotic topoisomerase type II Gyr A, Gyr B and parC gene loci are provided. These polymorphisms differentiate very closely related organisms and provide a means to identify pathogenicity and drug resistance. For example, drug resistance such as resistance to methicillin, a drug which is not metabolically tied to topoisomerase function, may be determined by polymorphisms in the Gyrase A locus. Identification of such drug resistance by such unrelated loci is indicative of heretofore unrecognized [sub]species of

Topoisomerase type II gene polymorphisms and their use in identifying drug resistance and pathogenic strains of microorganisms

This invention provides an apparatus and method for desalting a low volume solution for use in connection with an electronically addressable microarray. The apparatus comprises a tubular molecular weight cut-off membrane embedded within a ion exchange resin filled chamber. The apparatus provides a very high surface to volume ratio of membrane pore surface to exchange resin capacity for absorbing charged molecules. The design facilitates the speedy removal of charged molecules from test solutions with the resultant desalted solution having a very low ionic strength suitable for use in the electronic transport of nucleic acids, proteins, and cells.

Apparatus and method for removing small molecules and ions from low volume biological samples

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Carlsbad, CA, United States of America

Prashant P Mehta