Praxair Technology, Inc.

Other

Praxair S.t. Technology, Inc.

Prasad Shrikrisnna Apte

Shawn W Callahan

Joseph Michael Schwartz

Terry Joseph Mazanec

Jack C Chen

James Eric White

Wendell W Isom

Ravi Prasad

Ajit Sane

Victor Emmanuel Bergsten

Arthur Edward Holmer

Michael M Litwin

James Patrick Meagher

James Stanley Schneider

Thomas Gilbert Halvorson

Weitung Wang

This invention relates to coatings for a metal or non-metal substrate comprising (a) a thermal sprayed bondcoat layer applied to the substrate, and (b) a thermal sprayed ceramic layer applied to said bondcoat layer; wherein said coating has a helium leak rate of less than 6&#xd7;10standard cubic centimeters per second. The thermal sprayed bondcoat layer comprises (i) a thermal sprayed inner layer alloy, and (ii) a thermal sprayed outer layer alloy. The inner layer alloy is thermally sprayed from a powder having a mean particle size of 50 percentile point in distribution of from about 5 microns to about 50 microns. The outer layer alloy is thermally sprayed from a powder having a mean particle size of 50 percentile point in distribution of from about 30 microns to about 100 microns. The coatings are useful for extending the service life under severe conditions, such as those associated with metallurgical vessels' lances, nozzles and tuyeres.

Thermal spray coatings and applications therefor

A hydrogen transport membrane in which a porous ceramic support supports a dense layer of palladium or an alloy of palladium serving as a hydrogen transport material. The ceramic support has a first porous layer and a second porous layer. The first porous layer has a first thickness of about 1 mm, a first set of pores have a first average pore size of between about 10 microns and about 50 microns and a first porosity of about 40 percent by volume. The second porous layer has a second thickness of about 3 microns, a second set of pores having a second average pore size of between about 10 nanometers and about 100 nanometers and a second porosity of about 50 percent by volume. The dense layer has a thickness of about 3 microns.

Hydrogen transport membrane fabrication method

A method of forming a hydrogen transport membrane to separate hydrogen from a hydrogen containing feed in which a porous ceramic support is formed to support a dense layer of palladium or an alloy of palladium serving as a hydrogen transport material. Isolated deposits of palladium, a palladium alloy or a component of such alloy are produced on a surface of the porous ceramic support that bridge pores within the porous ceramic support without penetrating the pores and without bridging regions of the surface defined between the pores. The isolated deposits of the metal are produced by an electroless plating process.

This invention is directed to a method for vaporizing a liquid by slowly evaporating the liquid from a liquid phase to a vapor phase below the boiling point of the liquid; and applying an effective amount of microwave power to maintain the slow evaporation of the liquid to produce a purified liquid.

Method of vaporizing liquids by microwave heating

A method of separating oxygen from an oxygen containing feed and reacting the oxygen with a reactive substance and an oxygen ion transport membrane element utilized for such purposes. The oxygen ion transport membrane element has a self-supporting dense layer and a surface porous feature in contact with and supported by the dense layer. The porous surface feature may be a layer, a layer having discontinuities or a series of repeating geometrical forms. The dense layer and the porous surface feature are capable of conducting oxygen ions and electrons. The porous surface feature at least in part forms the anode side of the oxygen ion transport membrane element at which the reactive substance reacts with the separated oxygen and has a thickness less than that of the dense layer and a greater surface area than that of a surface of the dense layer adjoining the porous layer. Pores within the porous surface feature have a pore aspect ratio of pore size to pore length of between about 0.1 and about 5.

Separation and reaction method utilizing an oxygen ion transport element

A device for efficient transmission of electromagnetic waves comprising two layers of dielectric separated by a gap or space. The layers may be uniform or laminar, orthogonal or non-orthogonal to the direction of wave propagation, and made of Teflon, quartz, polypropylene, and the like. The preferred distance between layers is an odd multiple of quarter wavelength in the environment between the layers. The preferred thickness of the layers is an odd multiple of half of the effective wavelength for the layer. The device allows over 95% efficiency for transmission into a pressurized vessel for evaporation under high pressure and temperature and does not require a cooling system. The separating space may be connected with a pressure-sensing subsystem to monitor the device's integrity and shut down the system in the event of a breach. A sleeve connecting the device to the vessel may be coated with conductive material for improved efficiency.

Device for transmitting electromagnetic waves through an aperture in a wall

A cold isopressing method and mold for compacting a granular ceramic material in which the granular ceramic material is introduced into a cylindrical pressure bearing element of an isopressing mold. The cylindrical pressure bearing element is sufficiently rigid so as to maintain its shape during the introducing of the granular ceramic material. Such element is also sufficiently resilient in a radial direction thereof to deform and bear against the granular ceramic material upon the application of the hydrostatic pressure and to substantially return to its original shape upon the relaxation of the hydrostatic pressure, thereby to allow retraction of the cylindrical pressure bearing element from the granular ceramic material after compaction. In a further aspect, an isopressing method and mold is provided in which the cylindrical pressure bearing element thereof is provided with an enlarged end bore to form an enlarged end section in the finished ceramic tube for sealing purposes.

Cold isopressing method and mold

A joint assembly for joining a ceramic membrane of tubular form to a tube sheet used in supporting the ceramic membrane within a reactor. The ceramic membrane is received within a fixture connected to the tube sheet and a follower, extending into the fixture, exerts a force on a high temperature sealing element located between the fixture and the ceramic membrane to effect a seal and to hold the ceramic membrane in place. The force can be exerted directly on the sealing element or on the ceramic membrane itself.

Joint assembly for joining a ceramic membrane to a tube sheet

A method of removing an organic binder from a green ceramic form in which a green ceramic form is subjected to a flowing carbon dioxide containing atmosphere having a sufficiently low oxygen content to allow about 60% or more of the organic binder to be oxidized by carbon dioxide. The green ceramic form is heated to the oxidation temperature at a rate greater than about 0.1&deg; C. and is maintained under oxidizing temperature conditions until at least about 90% of the organic binder oxidizes.

Method of removing an organic binder from a green ceramic form

A cold isopressing method in which first and second layers of at least two layers are formed within an isopressing mold and the second of the layers is isostatically pressed against the first of the layers to compact the second layer. The layers can be formed from different materials, for instance granular materials or slurries. Each layer can additionally have different levels of materials. The granular materials can have pore formers to produce intermediate porous layers. Channel forming materials can be positioned between layers during isopressing. Alternatively, the first layers can be preformed by extrusion, slip casting or injection isopressing molding. One or more of the layers can have two or more regions of different ceramic materials.

Cold isopressing method

The present invention provides an ion conducting ceramic membrane selectively permeable to a gas, for instance oxygen and a method of treating such a membrane to improve permeation through the membrane. The membrane is formed by a mass of a substance through which ions of the gas migrate. The mass has two opposed surfaces where dissociation and ionization of the gas occurs and gas ions release electrons and recombine to form molecules of the gas, respectively. At least one of said two opposed surfaces is treated by a removal of surface material to produce surface irregularities of increased area and therefore an increase in total surface area of a treated surface to in turn increase permeation of the gas. Preferably, both surfaces of the membrane are treated by chemical etching techniques, although sand blasting and ion etching are other possible surface treatments in accordance with the present invention.

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East Amherst, NY, United States of America

Prasad Shrikrisnna Apte